osprey/kg++fe/gnu/cp/call.c

Go to the documentation of this file.

/* Functions related to invoking methods and overloaded functions.
   Copyright (C) 1987, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2003, 
   1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by Michael Tiemann (tiemann@cygnus.com) and
   modified by Brendan Kehoe (brendan@cygnus.com).

This file is part of GNU CC.

GNU CC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU CC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU CC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */


/* High-level class interface.  */

#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "tree.h"
#include "cp-tree.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "ggc.h"
#include "diagnostic.h"

extern int inhibit_warnings;

static tree build_field_call PARAMS ((tree, tree, tree));
static struct z_candidate * tourney PARAMS ((struct z_candidate *));
static int equal_functions PARAMS ((tree, tree));
static int joust PARAMS ((struct z_candidate *, struct z_candidate *, int));
static int compare_ics PARAMS ((tree, tree));
static tree build_over_call PARAMS ((struct z_candidate *, tree, int));
static tree build_java_interface_fn_ref PARAMS ((tree, tree));
#define convert_like(CONV, EXPR)        \
  convert_like_real ((CONV), (EXPR), NULL_TREE, 0, 0,     \
         /*issue_conversion_warnings=*/true)
#define convert_like_with_context(CONV, EXPR, FN, ARGNO)  \
  convert_like_real ((CONV), (EXPR), (FN), (ARGNO), 0,    \
         /*issue_conversion_warnings=*/true)
static tree convert_like_real (tree, tree, tree, int, int, bool);
static void op_error PARAMS ((enum tree_code, enum tree_code, tree, tree,
          tree, const char *));
static tree build_object_call PARAMS ((tree, tree));
static tree resolve_args PARAMS ((tree));
static struct z_candidate * build_user_type_conversion_1
  PARAMS ((tree, tree, int));
static void print_z_candidates PARAMS ((struct z_candidate *));
static tree build_this PARAMS ((tree));
static struct z_candidate * splice_viable PARAMS ((struct z_candidate *));
static int any_viable PARAMS ((struct z_candidate *));
static int any_strictly_viable PARAMS ((struct z_candidate *));
static struct z_candidate * add_template_candidate
  PARAMS ((struct z_candidate **, tree, tree, tree, tree, tree, 
     tree, tree, int, unification_kind_t));
static struct z_candidate * add_template_candidate_real
  PARAMS ((struct z_candidate **, tree, tree, tree, tree, tree, 
     tree, tree, int, tree, unification_kind_t));
static struct z_candidate * add_template_conv_candidate 
        PARAMS ((struct z_candidate **, tree, tree, tree, tree, tree, tree));
static void add_builtin_candidates
  PARAMS ((struct z_candidate **, enum tree_code, enum tree_code,
         tree, tree *, int));
static void add_builtin_candidate
  PARAMS ((struct z_candidate **, enum tree_code, enum tree_code,
         tree, tree, tree, tree *, tree *, int));
static int is_complete PARAMS ((tree));
static void build_builtin_candidate 
  PARAMS ((struct z_candidate **, tree, tree, tree, tree *, tree *,
         int));
static struct z_candidate * add_conv_candidate 
  PARAMS ((struct z_candidate **, tree, tree, tree, tree, tree));
static struct z_candidate * add_function_candidate 
  (struct z_candidate **, tree, tree, tree, tree, tree, int);
static tree implicit_conversion PARAMS ((tree, tree, tree, int));
static tree standard_conversion PARAMS ((tree, tree, tree));
static tree reference_binding (tree, tree, tree, int);
static tree non_reference PARAMS ((tree));
static tree build_conv PARAMS ((enum tree_code, tree, tree));
static int is_subseq PARAMS ((tree, tree));
static tree maybe_handle_ref_bind PARAMS ((tree*));
static void maybe_handle_implicit_object PARAMS ((tree*));
static struct z_candidate *add_candidate 
        (struct z_candidate **, tree, tree, tree, tree, int);
static tree source_type PARAMS ((tree));
static void add_warning PARAMS ((struct z_candidate *, struct z_candidate *));
static int reference_related_p PARAMS ((tree, tree));
static int reference_compatible_p PARAMS ((tree, tree));
static tree convert_class_to_reference PARAMS ((tree, tree, tree));
static tree direct_reference_binding PARAMS ((tree, tree));
static int promoted_arithmetic_type_p PARAMS ((tree));
static tree conditional_conversion PARAMS ((tree, tree));
static tree call_builtin_trap PARAMS ((void));
static tree merge_conversion_sequences (tree, tree);

tree
build_vfield_ref (datum, type)
     tree datum, type;
{
  if (datum == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (datum)) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    datum = convert_from_reference (datum);

  if (TYPE_BASE_CONVS_MAY_REQUIRE_CODE_P (type)
      && !same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (TREE_TYPE (datum), type))
    datum = convert_to_base (datum, type, /*check_access=*/false);

  return build (COMPONENT_REF, TREE_TYPE (TYPE_VFIELD (type)),
    datum, TYPE_VFIELD (type));
}

/* Build a call to a member of an object.  I.e., one that overloads
   operator ()(), or is a pointer-to-function or pointer-to-method.  */

static tree
build_field_call (tree instance_ptr, tree decl, tree parms)
{
  tree instance;

  if (decl == error_mark_node || decl == NULL_TREE)
    return decl;

  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FIELD_DECL || TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
    {
      /* If it's a field, try overloading operator (),
   or calling if the field is a pointer-to-function.  */
      instance = build_indirect_ref (instance_ptr, NULL);
      instance = build_class_member_access_expr (instance, decl, 
             /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
             /*preserve_reference=*/false);

      if (instance == error_mark_node)
  return error_mark_node;

      if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (instance)))
  return build_opfncall (CALL_EXPR, LOOKUP_NORMAL,
             instance, parms, NULL_TREE);
      else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (instance)) == FUNCTION_TYPE
         || (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (instance)) == POINTER_TYPE
       && (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (instance)))
           == FUNCTION_TYPE)))
  return build_function_call (instance, parms);
    }

  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* Returns nonzero iff the destructor name specified in NAME
   (a BIT_NOT_EXPR) matches BASETYPE.  The operand of NAME can take many
   forms...  */

int
check_dtor_name (basetype, name)
     tree basetype, name;
{
  name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0);

  /* Just accept something we've already complained about.  */
  if (name == error_mark_node)
    return 1;

  if (TREE_CODE (name) == TYPE_DECL)
    name = TREE_TYPE (name);
  else if (TYPE_P (name))
    /* OK */;
  else if (TREE_CODE (name) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
    {
      if ((IS_AGGR_TYPE (basetype) && name == constructor_name (basetype))
    || (TREE_CODE (basetype) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
        && name == TYPE_IDENTIFIER (basetype)))
  name = basetype;
      else
  name = get_type_value (name);
    }
  /* In the case of:
      
       template <class T> struct S { ~S(); };
       int i;
       i.~S();

     NAME will be a class template.  */
  else if (DECL_CLASS_TEMPLATE_P (name))
    return 0;
  else
    abort ();

  if (name && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (basetype) == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (name))
    return 1;
  return 0;
}

/* Build a method call of the form `EXP->SCOPES::NAME (PARMS)'.
   This is how virtual function calls are avoided.  */

tree
build_scoped_method_call (exp, basetype, name, parms)
     tree exp, basetype, name, parms;
{
  /* Because this syntactic form does not allow
     a pointer to a base class to be `stolen',
     we need not protect the derived->base conversion
     that happens here.
     
     @@ But we do have to check access privileges later.  */
  tree binfo, decl;
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (exp);

  if (type == error_mark_node
      || basetype == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR
    && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0)) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
  {
    tree type = get_aggr_from_typedef (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0), 0);
    if (type)
      name = build_min_nt (BIT_NOT_EXPR, type);
  }
      name = build_min_nt (SCOPE_REF, basetype, name);
      return build_min_nt (METHOD_CALL_EXPR, name, exp, parms, NULL_TREE);
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    type = TREE_TYPE (type);

  if (TREE_CODE (basetype) == TREE_VEC)
    {
      binfo = basetype;
      basetype = BINFO_TYPE (binfo);
    }
  else
    binfo = NULL_TREE;

  /* Check the destructor call syntax.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
    {
      /* We can get here if someone writes their destructor call like
   `obj.NS::~T()'; this isn't really a scoped method call, so hand
   it off.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (basetype) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
  return build_method_call (exp, name, parms, NULL_TREE, LOOKUP_NORMAL);

      if (! check_dtor_name (basetype, name))
  error ("qualified type `%T' does not match destructor name `~%T'",
      basetype, TREE_OPERAND (name, 0));

      /* Destructors can be "called" for simple types; see 5.2.4 and 12.4 Note
   that explicit ~int is caught in the parser; this deals with typedefs
   and template parms.  */
      if (! IS_AGGR_TYPE (basetype))
  {
    if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type) != TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (basetype))
      error ("type of `%E' does not match destructor type `%T' (type was `%T')",
          exp, basetype, type);

    return cp_convert (void_type_node, exp);
  }
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (basetype) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
    {
      error ("`%D' is a namespace", basetype);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  if (! is_aggr_type (basetype, 1))
    return error_mark_node;

  if (! IS_AGGR_TYPE (type))
    {
      error ("base object `%E' of scoped method call is of non-aggregate type `%T'",
    exp, type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  decl = build_scoped_ref (exp, basetype, &binfo);

  if (binfo)
    {
      /* Call to a destructor.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
  {
    if (! TYPE_HAS_DESTRUCTOR (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
      return cp_convert (void_type_node, exp);
    
    return build_delete (TREE_TYPE (decl), decl, 
             sfk_complete_destructor,
             LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL|LOOKUP_DESTRUCTOR,
             0);
  }

      /* Call to a method.  */
      return build_method_call (decl, name, parms, binfo,
        LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL);
    }
  return error_mark_node;
}

/* We want the address of a function or method.  We avoid creating a
   pointer-to-member function.  */

tree
build_addr_func (function)
     tree function;
{
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (function);

  /* We have to do these by hand to avoid real pointer to member
     functions.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (type) == METHOD_TYPE)
    {
      tree addr;

      type = build_pointer_type (type);

      if (!cxx_mark_addressable (function))
  return error_mark_node;

      addr = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, type, function);

      /* Address of a static or external variable or function counts
   as a constant */
      if (staticp (function))
  TREE_CONSTANT (addr) = 1;

      function = addr;
    }
  else
    function = default_conversion (function);

  return function;
}

/* Build a CALL_EXPR, we can handle FUNCTION_TYPEs, METHOD_TYPEs, or
   POINTER_TYPE to those.  Note, pointer to member function types
   (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P) must be handled by our callers.  */

tree
build_call (function, parms)
     tree function, parms;
{
  int is_constructor = 0;
  int nothrow;
  tree tmp;
  tree decl;
  tree result_type;
  tree fntype;

  function = build_addr_func (function);

  if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (TREE_TYPE (function)))
    {
      sorry ("unable to call pointer to member function here");
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  fntype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (function));
  result_type = TREE_TYPE (fntype);

  if (TREE_CODE (function) == ADDR_EXPR
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (function, 0)) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    decl = TREE_OPERAND (function, 0);
  else
    decl = NULL_TREE;

  /* We check both the decl and the type; a function may be known not to
     throw without being declared throw().  */
  nothrow = ((decl && TREE_NOTHROW (decl))
       || TYPE_NOTHROW_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (function))));

  if (decl && TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (decl) && cfun)
    current_function_returns_abnormally = 1;

  if (decl && TREE_DEPRECATED (decl))
    warn_deprecated_use (decl);
  require_complete_eh_spec_types (fntype, decl);

  if (decl && DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (decl))
    is_constructor = 1;

  if (decl && ! TREE_USED (decl))
    {
      /* We invoke build_call directly for several library functions.
   These may have been declared normally if we're building libgcc,
   so we can't just check DECL_ARTIFICIAL.  */
      if (DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl)
    || !strncmp (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (decl)), "__", 2))
  mark_used (decl);
      else
  abort ();
    }

  /* Don't pass empty class objects by value.  This is useful
     for tags in STL, which are used to control overload resolution.
     We don't need to handle other cases of copying empty classes.  */
  if (! decl || ! DECL_BUILT_IN (decl))
    for (tmp = parms; tmp; tmp = TREE_CHAIN (tmp))
      if (is_empty_class (TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (tmp)))
    && ! TREE_ADDRESSABLE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (tmp))))
  {
    tree t = build (EMPTY_CLASS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (tmp)));
    TREE_VALUE (tmp) = build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (t),
            TREE_VALUE (tmp), t);
  }

  function = build_nt (CALL_EXPR, function, parms, NULL_TREE);
  TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (function) = is_constructor;
  TREE_TYPE (function) = result_type;
  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (function) = 1;
  TREE_NOTHROW (function) = nothrow;
  
  return function;
}

/* Build something of the form ptr->method (args)
   or object.method (args).  This can also build
   calls to constructors, and find friends.

   Member functions always take their class variable
   as a pointer.

   INSTANCE is a class instance.

   NAME is the name of the method desired, usually an IDENTIFIER_NODE.

   PARMS help to figure out what that NAME really refers to.

   BASETYPE_PATH, if non-NULL, contains a chain from the type of INSTANCE
   down to the real instance type to use for access checking.  We need this
   information to get protected accesses correct.  This parameter is used
   by build_member_call.

   FLAGS is the logical disjunction of zero or more LOOKUP_
   flags.  See cp-tree.h for more info.

   If this is all OK, calls build_function_call with the resolved
   member function.

   This function must also handle being called to perform
   initialization, promotion/coercion of arguments, and
   instantiation of default parameters.

   Note that NAME may refer to an instance variable name.  If
   `operator()()' is defined for the type of that field, then we return
   that result.  */

#ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
extern int n_build_method_call;
#endif

tree
build_method_call (instance, name, parms, basetype_path, flags)
     tree instance, name, parms, basetype_path;
     int flags;
{
  tree fn;
  tree object_type;
  tree template_args = NULL_TREE;
  bool has_template_args = false;

#ifdef GATHER_STATISTICS
  n_build_method_call++;
#endif

  if (instance == error_mark_node
      || name == error_mark_node
      || parms == error_mark_node
      || (instance && TREE_TYPE (instance) == error_mark_node))
    return error_mark_node;

  if (processing_template_decl)
    {
      /* We need to process template parm names here so that tsubst catches
   them properly.  Other type names can wait.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
  {
    tree type = NULL_TREE;

    if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0)) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
      type = get_aggr_from_typedef (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0), 0);
    else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0)) == TYPE_DECL)
      type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (name, 0));

    if (type && TREE_CODE (type) == TEMPLATE_TYPE_PARM)
      name = build_min_nt (BIT_NOT_EXPR, type);
  }

      return build_min_nt (METHOD_CALL_EXPR, name, instance, parms, NULL_TREE);
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (instance) == OFFSET_REF)
    instance = resolve_offset_ref (instance);
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (instance)) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    instance = convert_from_reference (instance);
  object_type = TREE_TYPE (instance);

  if (TREE_CODE (name) == BIT_NOT_EXPR)
    {
      tree instance_ptr;

      if (parms)
  error ("destructors take no parameters");

      if (! check_dtor_name (object_type, name))
  error
    ("destructor name `~%T' does not match type `%T' of expression",
     TREE_OPERAND (name, 0), object_type);

      /* The destructor type must be complete.  */
      object_type = complete_type_or_else (object_type, NULL_TREE);
      if (!object_type || object_type == error_mark_node)
  return error_mark_node;

      if (! TYPE_HAS_DESTRUCTOR (object_type))
  return cp_convert (void_type_node, instance);
      instance = default_conversion (instance);
      instance_ptr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, instance, 0);
      return build_delete (build_pointer_type (object_type),
         instance_ptr, sfk_complete_destructor,
         LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_DESTRUCTOR, 0);
    }

  if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (object_type))
    {
      if ((flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN) 
    && TREE_TYPE (instance) != error_mark_node)
  error ("request for member `%D' in `%E', which is of non-aggregate type `%T'",
         name, instance, object_type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
    {
      template_args = TREE_OPERAND (name, 1);
      has_template_args = true;
      name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0);
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (name) == OVERLOAD)
    name = DECL_NAME (get_first_fn (name));
  else if (TREE_CODE (name) == LOOKUP_EXPR)
    name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0);
  else if (DECL_P (name))
    name = DECL_NAME (name);
  if (has_template_args)
    fn = lookup_fnfields (object_type, name, /*protect=*/2);
  else
    fn = lookup_member (object_type, name, /*protect=*/2, /*want_type=*/0);
  
  if (fn && TREE_CODE (fn) == TREE_LIST && !BASELINK_P (fn))
    {
      error ("request for member `%D' is ambiguous", name);
      print_candidates (fn);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* If the name could not be found, issue an error.  */
  if (!fn)
    {
      unqualified_name_lookup_error (name);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (BASELINK_P (fn) && has_template_args)
    BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fn)
      = build_nt (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR,
      BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fn),
      template_args);
  if (BASELINK_P (fn) && basetype_path)
    BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO (fn) = basetype_path;

  return build_new_method_call (instance, fn, parms, 
        /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE, flags);
}

/* New overloading code.  */

struct z_candidate GTY(()) {
  /* The FUNCTION_DECL that will be called if this candidate is
     selected by overload resolution.  */
  tree fn;
  tree convs;
  tree second_conv;
  int viable;
  /* If FN is a member function, the binfo indicating the path used to
     qualify the name of FN at the call site.  This path is used to
     determine whether or not FN is accessible if it is selected by
     overload resolution.  The DECL_CONTEXT of FN will always be a
     (possibly improper) base of this binfo.  */
  tree access_path;
  /* If FN is a non-static member function, the binfo indicating the
     subobject to which the `this' pointer should be converted if FN
     is selected by overload resolution.  The type pointed to the by
     the `this' pointer must correspond to the most derived class
     indicated by the CONVERSION_PATH.  */
  tree conversion_path;
  tree template;
  tree warnings;
  struct z_candidate *next;
};

#define IDENTITY_RANK 0
#define EXACT_RANK 1
#define PROMO_RANK 2
#define STD_RANK 3
#define PBOOL_RANK 4
#define USER_RANK 5
#define ELLIPSIS_RANK 6
#define BAD_RANK 7

#define ICS_RANK(NODE)        \
  (ICS_BAD_FLAG (NODE) ? BAD_RANK       \
   : ICS_ELLIPSIS_FLAG (NODE) ? ELLIPSIS_RANK \
   : ICS_USER_FLAG (NODE) ? USER_RANK   \
   : ICS_STD_RANK (NODE))

#define ICS_STD_RANK(NODE) TREE_COMPLEXITY (NODE)

#define ICS_USER_FLAG(NODE) TREE_LANG_FLAG_0 (NODE)
#define ICS_ELLIPSIS_FLAG(NODE) TREE_LANG_FLAG_1 (NODE)
#define ICS_THIS_FLAG(NODE) TREE_LANG_FLAG_2 (NODE)
#define ICS_BAD_FLAG(NODE) TREE_LANG_FLAG_3 (NODE)

/* In a REF_BIND or a BASE_CONV, this indicates that a temporary
   should be created to hold the result of the conversion.  */
#define NEED_TEMPORARY_P(NODE) TREE_LANG_FLAG_4 (NODE)

#define USER_CONV_CAND(NODE) WRAPPER_ZC (TREE_OPERAND (NODE, 1))
#define USER_CONV_FN(NODE) (USER_CONV_CAND (NODE)->fn)

int
null_ptr_cst_p (t)
     tree t;
{
  /* [conv.ptr]

     A null pointer constant is an integral constant expression
     (_expr.const_) rvalue of integer type that evaluates to zero.  */
  if (t == null_node
      || (CP_INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (t)) && integer_zerop (t)))
    return 1;
  return 0;
}


/* Returns nonzero if PARMLIST consists of only default parms and/or
   ellipsis.  */

int
sufficient_parms_p (parmlist)
     tree parmlist;
{
  for (; parmlist && parmlist != void_list_node;
       parmlist = TREE_CHAIN (parmlist))
    if (!TREE_PURPOSE (parmlist))
      return 0;
  return 1;
}

static tree
build_conv (code, type, from)
     enum tree_code code;
     tree type, from;
{
  tree t;
  int rank = ICS_STD_RANK (from);

  /* We can't use buildl1 here because CODE could be USER_CONV, which
     takes two arguments.  In that case, the caller is responsible for
     filling in the second argument.  */
  t = make_node (code);
  TREE_TYPE (t) = type;
  TREE_OPERAND (t, 0) = from;

  switch (code)
    {
    case PTR_CONV:
    case PMEM_CONV:
    case BASE_CONV:
    case STD_CONV:
      if (rank < STD_RANK)
  rank = STD_RANK;
      break;

    case QUAL_CONV:
      if (rank < EXACT_RANK)
  rank = EXACT_RANK;

    default:
      break;
    }
  ICS_STD_RANK (t) = rank;
  ICS_USER_FLAG (t) = (code == USER_CONV || ICS_USER_FLAG (from));
  ICS_BAD_FLAG (t) = ICS_BAD_FLAG (from);
  return t;
}

/* If T is a REFERENCE_TYPE return the type to which T refers.
   Otherwise, return T itself.  */

static tree
non_reference (t)
     tree t;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    t = TREE_TYPE (t);
  return t;
}

tree
strip_top_quals (t)
     tree t;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (t) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    return t;
  return TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t);
}

/* Returns the standard conversion path (see [conv]) from type FROM to type
   TO, if any.  For proper handling of null pointer constants, you must
   also pass the expression EXPR to convert from.  */

static tree
standard_conversion (to, from, expr)
     tree to, from, expr;
{
  enum tree_code fcode, tcode;
  tree conv;
  int fromref = 0;

  if (TREE_CODE (to) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    to = TREE_TYPE (to);
  if (TREE_CODE (from) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    {
      fromref = 1;
      from = TREE_TYPE (from);
    }
  to = strip_top_quals (to);
  from = strip_top_quals (from);

  if ((TYPE_PTRFN_P (to) || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (to))
      && expr && type_unknown_p (expr))
    {
      expr = instantiate_type (to, expr, tf_none);
      if (expr == error_mark_node)
  return NULL_TREE;
      from = TREE_TYPE (expr);
    }

  fcode = TREE_CODE (from);
  tcode = TREE_CODE (to);

  conv = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, from, expr);

  if (fcode == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    {
      from = build_pointer_type (from);
      fcode = TREE_CODE (from);
      conv = build_conv (LVALUE_CONV, from, conv);
    }
  else if (fcode == ARRAY_TYPE)
    {
      from = build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (from));
      fcode = TREE_CODE (from);
      conv = build_conv (LVALUE_CONV, from, conv);
    }
  else if (fromref || (expr && lvalue_p (expr)))
    conv = build_conv (RVALUE_CONV, from, conv);

   /* Allow conversion between `__complex__' data types  */
  if (tcode == COMPLEX_TYPE && fcode == COMPLEX_TYPE)
    {
      /* The standard conversion sequence to convert FROM to TO is
         the standard conversion sequence to perform componentwise
         conversion.  */
      tree part_conv = standard_conversion
        (TREE_TYPE (to), TREE_TYPE (from), NULL_TREE);
      
      if (part_conv)
        {
          conv = build_conv (TREE_CODE (part_conv), to, conv);
          ICS_STD_RANK (conv) = ICS_STD_RANK (part_conv);
        }
      else
        conv = NULL_TREE;

      return conv;
    }

  if (same_type_p (from, to))
    return conv;

  if ((tcode == POINTER_TYPE || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (to))
      && expr && null_ptr_cst_p (expr))
    {
      conv = build_conv (STD_CONV, to, conv);
    }
  else if ((tcode == INTEGER_TYPE && fcode == POINTER_TYPE)
     || (tcode == POINTER_TYPE && fcode == INTEGER_TYPE))
    {
      /* For backwards brain damage compatibility, allow interconversion of
   pointers and integers with a pedwarn.  */
      conv = build_conv (STD_CONV, to, conv);
      ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv) = 1;
    }
  else if (tcode == ENUMERAL_TYPE && fcode == INTEGER_TYPE
     && TYPE_PRECISION (to) == TYPE_PRECISION (from))
    {
      /* For backwards brain damage compatibility, allow interconversion of
   enums and integers with a pedwarn.  */
      conv = build_conv (STD_CONV, to, conv);
      ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv) = 1;
    }
  else if (tcode == POINTER_TYPE && fcode == POINTER_TYPE)
    {
      enum tree_code ufcode = TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (from));
      enum tree_code utcode = TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (to));

      if (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (TREE_TYPE (from),
                 TREE_TYPE (to)))
  ;
      else if (utcode == VOID_TYPE && ufcode != OFFSET_TYPE
         && ufcode != FUNCTION_TYPE)
  {
    from = build_pointer_type
      (cp_build_qualified_type (void_type_node, 
              cp_type_quals (TREE_TYPE (from))));
    conv = build_conv (PTR_CONV, from, conv);
  }
      else if (ufcode == OFFSET_TYPE && utcode == OFFSET_TYPE)
  {
    tree fbase = TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (from));
    tree tbase = TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (to));

    if (DERIVED_FROM_P (fbase, tbase)
        && (same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p
      (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (from)),
       TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (to)))))
      {
        from = build_ptrmem_type (tbase, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (from)));
        conv = build_conv (PMEM_CONV, from, conv);
      }
  }
      else if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (from))
         && IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (to))
         /* [conv.ptr]
      
            An rvalue of type "pointer to cv D," where D is a
      class type, can be converted to an rvalue of type
      "pointer to cv B," where B is a base class (clause
      _class.derived_) of D.  If B is an inaccessible
      (clause _class.access_) or ambiguous
      (_class.member.lookup_) base class of D, a program
      that necessitates this conversion is ill-formed.  */
         /* Therefore, we use DERIVED_FROM_P, and not
      ACESSIBLY_UNIQUELY_DERIVED_FROM_P, in this test.  */
         && DERIVED_FROM_P (TREE_TYPE (to), TREE_TYPE (from)))
  {
    from = 
      cp_build_qualified_type (TREE_TYPE (to),
             cp_type_quals (TREE_TYPE (from)));
    from = build_pointer_type (from);
    conv = build_conv (PTR_CONV, from, conv);
  }

      if (same_type_p (from, to))
  /* OK */;
      else if (comp_ptr_ttypes (TREE_TYPE (to), TREE_TYPE (from)))
  conv = build_conv (QUAL_CONV, to, conv);
      else if (expr && string_conv_p (to, expr, 0))
  /* converting from string constant to char *.  */
  conv = build_conv (QUAL_CONV, to, conv);
      else if (ptr_reasonably_similar (TREE_TYPE (to), TREE_TYPE (from)))
  {
    conv = build_conv (PTR_CONV, to, conv);
    ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv) = 1;
  }
      else
  return 0;

      from = to;
    }
  else if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (to) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (from))
    {
      tree fromfn = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (from));
      tree tofn = TREE_TYPE (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (to));
      tree fbase = TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fromfn)));
      tree tbase = TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (tofn)));

      if (!DERIVED_FROM_P (fbase, tbase)
    || !same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (fromfn), TREE_TYPE (tofn))
    || !compparms (TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fromfn)),
       TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (tofn)))
    || cp_type_quals (fbase) != cp_type_quals (tbase))
  return 0;

      from = cp_build_qualified_type (tbase, cp_type_quals (fbase));
      from = build_cplus_method_type (from, TREE_TYPE (fromfn),
              TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (fromfn)));
      from = build_ptrmemfunc_type (build_pointer_type (from));
      conv = build_conv (PMEM_CONV, from, conv);
    }
  else if (tcode == BOOLEAN_TYPE)
    {
      if (! (INTEGRAL_CODE_P (fcode) || fcode == REAL_TYPE
       || fcode == POINTER_TYPE || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (from)))
  return 0;

      conv = build_conv (STD_CONV, to, conv);
      if (fcode == POINTER_TYPE
    || (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (from) && ICS_STD_RANK (conv) < PBOOL_RANK))
  ICS_STD_RANK (conv) = PBOOL_RANK;
    }
  /* We don't check for ENUMERAL_TYPE here because there are no standard
     conversions to enum type.  */
  else if (tcode == INTEGER_TYPE || tcode == BOOLEAN_TYPE
     || tcode == REAL_TYPE)
    {
      if (! (INTEGRAL_CODE_P (fcode) || fcode == REAL_TYPE))
  return 0;
      conv = build_conv (STD_CONV, to, conv);

      /* Give this a better rank if it's a promotion.  */
      if (to == type_promotes_to (from)
    && ICS_STD_RANK (TREE_OPERAND (conv, 0)) <= PROMO_RANK)
  ICS_STD_RANK (conv) = PROMO_RANK;
    }
  else if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (to) && IS_AGGR_TYPE (from)
     && is_properly_derived_from (from, to))
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (conv) == RVALUE_CONV)
  conv = TREE_OPERAND (conv, 0);
      conv = build_conv (BASE_CONV, to, conv);
      /* The derived-to-base conversion indicates the initialization
   of a parameter with base type from an object of a derived
   type.  A temporary object is created to hold the result of
   the conversion.  */
      NEED_TEMPORARY_P (conv) = 1;
    }
  else
    return 0;

  return conv;
}

/* Returns nonzero if T1 is reference-related to T2.  */

static int
reference_related_p (t1, t2)
     tree t1;
     tree t2;
{
  t1 = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1);
  t2 = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2);

  /* [dcl.init.ref]

     Given types "cv1 T1" and "cv2 T2," "cv1 T1" is reference-related
     to "cv2 T2" if T1 is the same type as T2, or T1 is a base class
     of T2.  */
  return (same_type_p (t1, t2)
    || (CLASS_TYPE_P (t1) && CLASS_TYPE_P (t2)
        && DERIVED_FROM_P (t1, t2)));
}

/* Returns nonzero if T1 is reference-compatible with T2.  */

static int
reference_compatible_p (t1, t2)
     tree t1;
     tree t2;
{
  /* [dcl.init.ref]

     "cv1 T1" is reference compatible with "cv2 T2" if T1 is
     reference-related to T2 and cv1 is the same cv-qualification as,
     or greater cv-qualification than, cv2.  */
  return (reference_related_p (t1, t2)
    && at_least_as_qualified_p (t1, t2));
}

/* Determine whether or not the EXPR (of class type S) can be
   converted to T as in [over.match.ref].  */

static tree
convert_class_to_reference (t, s, expr)
     tree t;
     tree s;
     tree expr;
{
  tree conversions;
  tree arglist;
  tree conv;
  tree reference_type;
  struct z_candidate *candidates;
  struct z_candidate *cand;

  conversions = lookup_conversions (s);
  if (!conversions)
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* [over.match.ref]

     Assuming that "cv1 T" is the underlying type of the reference
     being initialized, and "cv S" is the type of the initializer
     expression, with S a class type, the candidate functions are
     selected as follows:

     --The conversion functions of S and its base classes are
       considered.  Those that are not hidden within S and yield type
       "reference to cv2 T2", where "cv1 T" is reference-compatible
       (_dcl.init.ref_) with "cv2 T2", are candidate functions.

     The argument list has one argument, which is the initializer
     expression.  */

  candidates = 0;

  /* Conceptually, we should take the address of EXPR and put it in
     the argument list.  Unfortunately, however, that can result in
     error messages, which we should not issue now because we are just
     trying to find a conversion operator.  Therefore, we use NULL,
     cast to the appropriate type.  */
  arglist = build_int_2 (0, 0);
  TREE_TYPE (arglist) = build_pointer_type (s);
  arglist = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, arglist);

  reference_type = build_reference_type (t);

  while (conversions)
    {
      tree fns = TREE_VALUE (conversions);

      for (; fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
  {
    tree f = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
    tree t2 = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (f));
    
    cand = NULL;

    /* If this is a template function, try to get an exact
             match.  */
    if (TREE_CODE (f) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
      {
        cand = add_template_candidate (&candidates,
               f, s,
               NULL_TREE,
               arglist,
               reference_type,
               TYPE_BINFO (s),
               TREE_PURPOSE (conversions),
               LOOKUP_NORMAL,
               DEDUCE_CONV);
        
        if (cand)
    {
      /* Now, see if the conversion function really returns
         an lvalue of the appropriate type.  From the
         point of view of unification, simply returning an
         rvalue of the right type is good enough.  */
      f = cand->fn;
      t2 = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (f));
      if (TREE_CODE (t2) != REFERENCE_TYPE
          || !reference_compatible_p (t, TREE_TYPE (t2)))
        {
          candidates = candidates->next;
          cand = NULL;
        }
    }
      }
    else if (TREE_CODE (t2) == REFERENCE_TYPE
       && reference_compatible_p (t, TREE_TYPE (t2)))
      cand = add_function_candidate (&candidates, f, s, arglist, 
             TYPE_BINFO (s),  
             TREE_PURPOSE (conversions),
             LOOKUP_NORMAL);
    
    if (cand)
      /* Build a standard conversion sequence indicating the
         binding from the reference type returned by the
         function to the desired REFERENCE_TYPE.  */
      cand->second_conv
        = (direct_reference_binding 
     (reference_type, 
      build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, 
        TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (cand->fn))),
        NULL_TREE)));
  }
      conversions = TREE_CHAIN (conversions);
    }

  /* If none of the conversion functions worked out, let our caller
     know.  */
  if (!any_viable (candidates))
    return NULL_TREE;
  
  candidates = splice_viable (candidates);
  cand = tourney (candidates);
  if (!cand)
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* Build a user-defined conversion sequence representing the
     conversion.  */
  conv = build_conv (USER_CONV,
         TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (cand->fn)),
         build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, TREE_TYPE (expr), expr));
  TREE_OPERAND (conv, 1) = build_zc_wrapper (cand);

  /* Merge it with the standard conversion sequence from the
     conversion function's return type to the desired type.  */
  cand->second_conv = merge_conversion_sequences (conv, cand->second_conv);

  if (cand->viable == -1)
    ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv) = 1;

  return cand->second_conv;
}

/* A reference of the indicated TYPE is being bound directly to the
   expression represented by the implicit conversion sequence CONV.
   Return a conversion sequence for this binding.  */

static tree
direct_reference_binding (type, conv)
     tree type;
     tree conv;
{
  tree t;

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE, 20030306);
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (conv)) != REFERENCE_TYPE,
          20030306);
 
  t = TREE_TYPE (type);

  /* [over.ics.rank] 
     
     When a parameter of reference type binds directly
     (_dcl.init.ref_) to an argument expression, the implicit
     conversion sequence is the identity conversion, unless the
     argument expression has a type that is a derived class of the
     parameter type, in which case the implicit conversion sequence is
     a derived-to-base Conversion.
   
     If the parameter binds directly to the result of applying a
     conversion function to the argument expression, the implicit
     conversion sequence is a user-defined conversion sequence
     (_over.ics.user_), with the second standard conversion sequence
     either an identity conversion or, if the conversion function
     returns an entity of a type that is a derived class of the
     parameter type, a derived-to-base conversion.  */
  if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (t, TREE_TYPE (conv)))
    {
      /* Represent the derived-to-base conversion.  */
      conv = build_conv (BASE_CONV, t, conv);
      /* We will actually be binding to the base-class subobject in
   the derived class, so we mark this conversion appropriately.
   That way, convert_like knows not to generate a temporary.  */
      NEED_TEMPORARY_P (conv) = 0;
    }
  return build_conv (REF_BIND, type, conv);
}

/* Returns the conversion path from type FROM to reference type TO for
   purposes of reference binding.  For lvalue binding, either pass a
   reference type to FROM or an lvalue expression to EXPR.  If the
   reference will be bound to a temporary, NEED_TEMPORARY_P is set for
   the conversion returned.  */

static tree
reference_binding (tree rto, tree rfrom, tree expr, int flags)
{
  tree conv = NULL_TREE;
  tree to = TREE_TYPE (rto);
  tree from = rfrom;
  int related_p;
  int compatible_p;
  cp_lvalue_kind lvalue_p = clk_none;

  if (TREE_CODE (to) == FUNCTION_TYPE && expr && type_unknown_p (expr))
    {
      expr = instantiate_type (to, expr, tf_none);
      if (expr == error_mark_node)
  return NULL_TREE;
      from = TREE_TYPE (expr);
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (from) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    {
      /* Anything with reference type is an lvalue.  */
      lvalue_p = clk_ordinary;
      from = TREE_TYPE (from);
    }
  else if (expr)
    lvalue_p = real_lvalue_p (expr);

  /* Figure out whether or not the types are reference-related and
     reference compatible.  We have do do this after stripping
     references from FROM.  */
  related_p = reference_related_p (to, from);
  compatible_p = reference_compatible_p (to, from);

  if (lvalue_p && compatible_p)
    {
      /* [dcl.init.ref]

   If the initializer expression 
   
   -- is an lvalue (but not an lvalue for a bit-field), and "cv1 T1"
      is reference-compatible with "cv2 T2,"
   
   the reference is bound directly to the initializer exprssion
   lvalue.  */
      conv = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, from, expr);
      conv = direct_reference_binding (rto, conv);
      if ((lvalue_p & clk_bitfield) != 0 
    && CP_TYPE_CONST_NON_VOLATILE_P (to))
  /* For the purposes of overload resolution, we ignore the fact
     this expression is a bitfield. (In particular,
     [over.ics.ref] says specifically that a function with a
     non-const reference parameter is viable even if the
     argument is a bitfield.)

     However, when we actually call the function we must create
     a temporary to which to bind the reference.  If the
     reference is volatile, or isn't const, then we cannot make
     a temporary, so we just issue an error when the conversion
     actually occurs.  */
  NEED_TEMPORARY_P (conv) = 1;
      return conv;
    }
  else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (from) && !(flags & LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION))
    {
      /* [dcl.init.ref]

   If the initializer exprsesion

   -- has a class type (i.e., T2 is a class type) can be
      implicitly converted to an lvalue of type "cv3 T3," where
      "cv1 T1" is reference-compatible with "cv3 T3".  (this
      conversion is selected by enumerating the applicable
      conversion functions (_over.match.ref_) and choosing the
      best one through overload resolution.  (_over.match_). 

        the reference is bound to the lvalue result of the conversion
  in the second case.  */
      conv = convert_class_to_reference (to, from, expr);
      if (conv)
  return conv;
    }

  /* From this point on, we conceptually need temporaries, even if we
     elide them.  Only the cases above are "direct bindings".  */
  if (flags & LOOKUP_NO_TEMP_BIND)
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* [over.ics.rank]
     
     When a parameter of reference type is not bound directly to an
     argument expression, the conversion sequence is the one required
     to convert the argument expression to the underlying type of the
     reference according to _over.best.ics_.  Conceptually, this
     conversion sequence corresponds to copy-initializing a temporary
     of the underlying type with the argument expression.  Any
     difference in top-level cv-qualification is subsumed by the
     initialization itself and does not constitute a conversion.  */

  /* [dcl.init.ref]

     Otherwise, the reference shall be to a non-volatile const type.  */
  if (!CP_TYPE_CONST_NON_VOLATILE_P (to))
    return NULL_TREE;

  /* [dcl.init.ref]
     
     If the initializer expression is an rvalue, with T2 a class type,
     and "cv1 T1" is reference-compatible with "cv2 T2", the reference
     is bound in one of the following ways:
     
     -- The reference is bound to the object represented by the rvalue
        or to a sub-object within that object.  

     -- ...
    
     We use the first alternative.  The implicit conversion sequence
     is supposed to be same as we would obtain by generating a
     temporary.  Fortunately, if the types are reference compatible,
     then this is either an identity conversion or the derived-to-base
     conversion, just as for direct binding.  */
  if (CLASS_TYPE_P (from) && compatible_p)
    {
      conv = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, from, expr);
      return direct_reference_binding (rto, conv);
    }

  /* [dcl.init.ref]

     Otherwise, a temporary of type "cv1 T1" is created and
     initialized from the initializer expression using the rules for a
     non-reference copy initialization.  If T1 is reference-related to
     T2, cv1 must be the same cv-qualification as, or greater
     cv-qualification than, cv2; otherwise, the program is ill-formed.  */
  if (related_p && !at_least_as_qualified_p (to, from))
    return NULL_TREE;

  conv = implicit_conversion (to, from, expr, flags);
  if (!conv)
    return NULL_TREE;

  conv = build_conv (REF_BIND, rto, conv);
  /* This reference binding, unlike those above, requires the
     creation of a temporary.  */
  NEED_TEMPORARY_P (conv) = 1;

  return conv;
}

/* Returns the implicit conversion sequence (see [over.ics]) from type FROM
   to type TO.  The optional expression EXPR may affect the conversion.
   FLAGS are the usual overloading flags.  Only LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION is
   significant.  */

static tree
implicit_conversion (to, from, expr, flags)
     tree to, from, expr;
     int flags;
{
  tree conv;

  /* Resolve expressions like `A::p' that we thought might become
     pointers-to-members.  */
  if (expr && TREE_CODE (expr) == OFFSET_REF)
    {
      expr = resolve_offset_ref (expr);
      from = TREE_TYPE (expr);
    }

  if (from == error_mark_node || to == error_mark_node
      || expr == error_mark_node)
    return NULL_TREE;

  if (TREE_CODE (to) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    conv = reference_binding (to, from, expr, flags);
  else
    conv = standard_conversion (to, from, expr);

  if (conv)
    ;
  else if (expr != NULL_TREE
     && (IS_AGGR_TYPE (from)
         || IS_AGGR_TYPE (to))
     && (flags & LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION) == 0)
    {
      struct z_candidate *cand;

      cand = build_user_type_conversion_1
  (to, expr, LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING);
      if (cand)
  conv = cand->second_conv;

      /* We used to try to bind a reference to a temporary here, but that
   is now handled by the recursive call to this function at the end
   of reference_binding.  */
    }

  return conv;
}

/* Add a new entry to the list of candidates.  Used by the add_*_candidate
   functions.  */

static struct z_candidate *
add_candidate (struct z_candidate **candidates, 
         tree fn, tree convs, tree access_path, tree
         conversion_path, int viable)
{
  struct z_candidate *cand
    = (struct z_candidate *) ggc_alloc_cleared (sizeof (struct z_candidate));

  cand->fn = fn;
  cand->convs = convs;
  cand->access_path = access_path;
  cand->conversion_path = conversion_path;
  cand->viable = viable;
  cand->next = *candidates;
  *candidates = cand;

  return cand;
}

/* Create an overload candidate for the function or method FN called with
   the argument list ARGLIST and add it to CANDIDATES.  FLAGS is passed on
   to implicit_conversion.

   CTYPE, if non-NULL, is the type we want to pretend this function
   comes from for purposes of overload resolution.  */

static struct z_candidate *
add_function_candidate (struct z_candidate **candidates, 
      tree fn, tree ctype, tree arglist, 
      tree access_path, tree conversion_path,
      int flags)
{
  tree parmlist = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn));
  int i, len;
  tree convs;
  tree parmnode, argnode;
  int viable = 1;

  /* Built-in functions that haven't been declared don't really
     exist.  */
  if (DECL_ANTICIPATED (fn))
    return NULL;

  /* The `this', `in_chrg' and VTT arguments to constructors are not
     considered in overload resolution.  */
  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn))
    {
      parmlist = skip_artificial_parms_for (fn, parmlist);
      arglist = skip_artificial_parms_for (fn, arglist);
    }

  len = list_length (arglist);
  convs = make_tree_vec (len);

  /* 13.3.2 - Viable functions [over.match.viable]
     First, to be a viable function, a candidate function shall have enough
     parameters to agree in number with the arguments in the list.

     We need to check this first; otherwise, checking the ICSes might cause
     us to produce an ill-formed template instantiation.  */

  parmnode = parmlist;
  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
      if (parmnode == NULL_TREE || parmnode == void_list_node)
  break;
      parmnode = TREE_CHAIN (parmnode);
    }

  if (i < len && parmnode)
    viable = 0;

  /* Make sure there are default args for the rest of the parms.  */
  else if (!sufficient_parms_p (parmnode))
    viable = 0;

  if (! viable)
    goto out;

  /* Second, for F to be a viable function, there shall exist for each
     argument an implicit conversion sequence that converts that argument
     to the corresponding parameter of F.  */

  parmnode = parmlist;
  argnode = arglist;

  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
      tree arg = TREE_VALUE (argnode);
      tree argtype = lvalue_type (arg);
      tree t;
      int is_this;

      if (parmnode == void_list_node)
  break;

      is_this = (i == 0 && DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (fn)
     && ! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn));

      if (parmnode)
  {
    tree parmtype = TREE_VALUE (parmnode);

    /* The type of the implicit object parameter ('this') for
       overload resolution is not always the same as for the
       function itself; conversion functions are considered to
       be members of the class being converted, and functions
       introduced by a using-declaration are considered to be
       members of the class that uses them.

       Since build_over_call ignores the ICS for the `this'
       parameter, we can just change the parm type.  */
    if (ctype && is_this)
      {
        parmtype
    = build_qualified_type (ctype,
          TYPE_QUALS (TREE_TYPE (parmtype)));
        parmtype = build_pointer_type (parmtype);
      }

    t = implicit_conversion (parmtype, argtype, arg, flags);
  }
      else
  {
    t = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, argtype, arg);
    ICS_ELLIPSIS_FLAG (t) = 1;
  }

      if (t && is_this)
  ICS_THIS_FLAG (t) = 1;

      TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, i) = t;
      if (! t)
  {
    viable = 0;
    break;
  }

      if (ICS_BAD_FLAG (t))
  viable = -1;

      if (parmnode)
  parmnode = TREE_CHAIN (parmnode);
      argnode = TREE_CHAIN (argnode);
    }

 out:
  return add_candidate (candidates, fn, convs, access_path,
      conversion_path, viable);
}

/* Create an overload candidate for the conversion function FN which will
   be invoked for expression OBJ, producing a pointer-to-function which
   will in turn be called with the argument list ARGLIST, and add it to
   CANDIDATES.  FLAGS is passed on to implicit_conversion.

   Actually, we don't really care about FN; we care about the type it
   converts to.  There may be multiple conversion functions that will
   convert to that type, and we rely on build_user_type_conversion_1 to
   choose the best one; so when we create our candidate, we record the type
   instead of the function.  */

static struct z_candidate *
add_conv_candidate (candidates, fn, obj, arglist, access_path,
        conversion_path)
     struct z_candidate **candidates;
     tree fn, obj, arglist;
     tree access_path;
     tree conversion_path;
{
  tree totype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fn));
  int i, len, viable, flags;
  tree parmlist, convs, parmnode, argnode;

  for (parmlist = totype; TREE_CODE (parmlist) != FUNCTION_TYPE; )
    parmlist = TREE_TYPE (parmlist);
  parmlist = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (parmlist);

  len = list_length (arglist) + 1;
  convs = make_tree_vec (len);
  parmnode = parmlist;
  argnode = arglist;
  viable = 1;
  flags = LOOKUP_NORMAL;

  /* Don't bother looking up the same type twice.  */
  if (*candidates && (*candidates)->fn == totype)
    return NULL;

  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
      tree arg = i == 0 ? obj : TREE_VALUE (argnode);
      tree argtype = lvalue_type (arg);
      tree t;

      if (i == 0)
  t = implicit_conversion (totype, argtype, arg, flags);
      else if (parmnode == void_list_node)
  break;
      else if (parmnode)
  t = implicit_conversion (TREE_VALUE (parmnode), argtype, arg, flags);
      else
  {
    t = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, argtype, arg);
    ICS_ELLIPSIS_FLAG (t) = 1;
  }

      TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, i) = t;
      if (! t)
  break;

      if (ICS_BAD_FLAG (t))
  viable = -1;

      if (i == 0)
  continue;

      if (parmnode)
  parmnode = TREE_CHAIN (parmnode);
      argnode = TREE_CHAIN (argnode);
    }

  if (i < len)
    viable = 0;

  if (!sufficient_parms_p (parmnode))
    viable = 0;

  return add_candidate (candidates, totype, convs, access_path,
      conversion_path, viable);
}

static void
build_builtin_candidate (candidates, fnname, type1, type2,
       args, argtypes, flags)
     struct z_candidate **candidates;
     tree fnname, type1, type2, *args, *argtypes;
     int flags;

{
  tree t, convs;
  int viable = 1, i;
  tree types[2];

  types[0] = type1;
  types[1] = type2;

  convs = make_tree_vec (args[2] ? 3 : (args[1] ? 2 : 1));

  for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
    {
      if (! args[i])
  break;

      t = implicit_conversion (types[i], argtypes[i], args[i], flags);
      if (! t)
  {
    viable = 0;
    /* We need something for printing the candidate.  */
    t = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, types[i], NULL_TREE);
  }
      else if (ICS_BAD_FLAG (t))
  viable = 0;
      TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, i) = t;
    }

  /* For COND_EXPR we rearranged the arguments; undo that now.  */
  if (args[2])
    {
      TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, 2) = TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, 1);
      TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, 1) = TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, 0);
      t = implicit_conversion (boolean_type_node, argtypes[2], args[2], flags);
      if (t)
  TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, 0) = t;
      else
  viable = 0;
    }      

  add_candidate (candidates, fnname, convs, 
     /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
     /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE,
     viable);
}

static int
is_complete (t)
     tree t;
{
  return COMPLETE_TYPE_P (complete_type (t));
}

/* Returns nonzero if TYPE is a promoted arithmetic type.  */

static int
promoted_arithmetic_type_p (type)
     tree type;
{
  /* [over.built]

     In this section, the term promoted integral type is used to refer
     to those integral types which are preserved by integral promotion
     (including e.g.  int and long but excluding e.g.  char).
     Similarly, the term promoted arithmetic type refers to promoted
     integral types plus floating types.  */
  return ((INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
     && same_type_p (type_promotes_to (type), type))
    || TREE_CODE (type) == REAL_TYPE);
}

/* Create any builtin operator overload candidates for the operator in
   question given the converted operand types TYPE1 and TYPE2.  The other
   args are passed through from add_builtin_candidates to
   build_builtin_candidate.  
   
   TYPE1 and TYPE2 may not be permissible, and we must filter them. 
   If CODE is requires candidates operands of the same type of the kind
   of which TYPE1 and TYPE2 are, we add both candidates
   CODE (TYPE1, TYPE1) and CODE (TYPE2, TYPE2).  */

static void
add_builtin_candidate (candidates, code, code2, fnname, type1, type2,
           args, argtypes, flags)
     struct z_candidate **candidates;
     enum tree_code code, code2;
     tree fnname, type1, type2, *args, *argtypes;
     int flags;
{
  switch (code)
    {
    case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
      args[1] = integer_zero_node;
      type2 = integer_type_node;
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }

  switch (code)
    {

/* 4 For every pair T, VQ), where T is an arithmetic or  enumeration  type,
     and  VQ  is  either  volatile or empty, there exist candidate operator
     functions of the form
       VQ T&   operator++(VQ T&);
       T       operator++(VQ T&, int);
   5 For every pair T, VQ), where T is an enumeration type or an arithmetic
     type  other than bool, and VQ is either volatile or empty, there exist
     candidate operator functions of the form
       VQ T&   operator--(VQ T&);
       T       operator--(VQ T&, int);
   6 For every pair T, VQ), where T is  a  cv-qualified  or  cv-unqualified
     complete  object type, and VQ is either volatile or empty, there exist
     candidate operator functions of the form
       T*VQ&   operator++(T*VQ&);
       T*VQ&   operator--(T*VQ&);
       T*      operator++(T*VQ&, int);
       T*      operator--(T*VQ&, int);  */

    case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (type1) == BOOLEAN_TYPE)
  return;
    case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
      if (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type1) || TYPE_PTROB_P (type1))
  {
    type1 = build_reference_type (type1);
    break;
  }
      return;

/* 7 For every cv-qualified or cv-unqualified complete object type T, there
     exist candidate operator functions of the form

       T&      operator*(T*);

   8 For every function type T, there exist candidate operator functions of
     the form
       T&      operator*(T*);  */

    case INDIRECT_REF:
      if (TREE_CODE (type1) == POINTER_TYPE
    && (TYPE_PTROB_P (type1)
        || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type1)) == FUNCTION_TYPE))
  break;
      return; 

/* 9 For every type T, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
       T*      operator+(T*);

   10For  every  promoted arithmetic type T, there exist candidate operator
     functions of the form
       T       operator+(T);
       T       operator-(T);  */

    case CONVERT_EXPR: /* unary + */
      if (TREE_CODE (type1) == POINTER_TYPE
    && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (type1)) != OFFSET_TYPE)
  break;
    case NEGATE_EXPR:
      if (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type1))
  break;
      return;

/* 11For every promoted integral type T,  there  exist  candidate  operator
     functions of the form
       T       operator~(T);  */

    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type1))
  break;
      return;

/* 12For every quintuple C1, C2, T, CV1, CV2), where C2 is a class type, C1
     is the same type as C2 or is a derived class of C2, T  is  a  complete
     object type or a function type, and CV1 and CV2 are cv-qualifier-seqs,
     there exist candidate operator functions of the form
       CV12 T& operator->*(CV1 C1*, CV2 T C2::*);
     where CV12 is the union of CV1 and CV2.  */

    case MEMBER_REF:
      if (TREE_CODE (type1) == POINTER_TYPE
    && (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type2) || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type2)))
  {
    tree c1 = TREE_TYPE (type1);
    tree c2 = (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type2)
         ? TYPE_METHOD_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_FN_TYPE (type2)))
         : TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (type2)));

    if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (c1) && DERIVED_FROM_P (c2, c1)
        && (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type2)
      || is_complete (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (type2)))))
      break;
  }
      return;

/* 13For every pair of promoted arithmetic types L and R, there exist  can-
     didate operator functions of the form
       LR      operator*(L, R);
       LR      operator/(L, R);
       LR      operator+(L, R);
       LR      operator-(L, R);
       bool    operator<(L, R);
       bool    operator>(L, R);
       bool    operator<=(L, R);
       bool    operator>=(L, R);
       bool    operator==(L, R);
       bool    operator!=(L, R);
     where  LR  is  the  result of the usual arithmetic conversions between
     types L and R.

   14For every pair of types T and I, where T  is  a  cv-qualified  or  cv-
     unqualified  complete  object  type and I is a promoted integral type,
     there exist candidate operator functions of the form
       T*      operator+(T*, I);
       T&      operator[](T*, I);
       T*      operator-(T*, I);
       T*      operator+(I, T*);
       T&      operator[](I, T*);

   15For every T, where T is a pointer to complete object type, there exist
     candidate operator functions of the form112)
       ptrdiff_t operator-(T, T);

   16For every pointer or enumeration type T, there exist candidate operator
     functions of the form
       bool    operator<(T, T);
       bool    operator>(T, T);
       bool    operator<=(T, T);
       bool    operator>=(T, T);
       bool    operator==(T, T);
       bool    operator!=(T, T);

   17For every pointer to member type T,  there  exist  candidate  operator
     functions of the form
       bool    operator==(T, T);
       bool    operator!=(T, T);  */

    case MINUS_EXPR:
      if (TYPE_PTROB_P (type1) && TYPE_PTROB_P (type2))
  break;
      if (TYPE_PTROB_P (type1) && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type2))
  {
    type2 = ptrdiff_type_node;
    break;
  }
    case MULT_EXPR:
    case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
      if (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type1) && ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type2))
  break;
      return;

    case EQ_EXPR:
    case NE_EXPR:
      if ((TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type2))
    || (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type1) && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type2)))
  break;
      if ((TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1) || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type1))
    && null_ptr_cst_p (args[1]))
  {
    type2 = type1;
    break;
  }
      if ((TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type2) || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type2))
    && null_ptr_cst_p (args[0]))
  {
    type1 = type2;
    break;
  }
      /* FALLTHROUGH */
    case LT_EXPR:
    case GT_EXPR:
    case LE_EXPR:
    case GE_EXPR:
    case MAX_EXPR:
    case MIN_EXPR:
      if (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type1) && ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type2))
        break;
      if (TYPE_PTR_P (type1) && TYPE_PTR_P (type2))
  break;
      if (TREE_CODE (type1) == ENUMERAL_TYPE && TREE_CODE (type2) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
        break;
      if (TYPE_PTR_P (type1) && null_ptr_cst_p (args[1]))
  {
    type2 = type1;
    break;
  }
      if (null_ptr_cst_p (args[0]) && TYPE_PTR_P (type2))
  {
    type1 = type2;
    break;
  }
      return;

    case PLUS_EXPR:
      if (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type1) && ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type2))
  break;
    case ARRAY_REF:
      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type1) && TYPE_PTROB_P (type2))
  {
    type1 = ptrdiff_type_node;
    break;
  }
      if (TYPE_PTROB_P (type1) && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type2))
  {
    type2 = ptrdiff_type_node;
    break;
  }
      return;

/* 18For  every pair of promoted integral types L and R, there exist candi-
     date operator functions of the form
       LR      operator%(L, R);
       LR      operator&(L, R);
       LR      operator^(L, R);
       LR      operator|(L, R);
       L       operator<<(L, R);
       L       operator>>(L, R);
     where LR is the result of the  usual  arithmetic  conversions  between
     types L and R.  */

    case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
    case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
    case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
    case LSHIFT_EXPR:
    case RSHIFT_EXPR:
      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type1) && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type2))
  break;
      return;

/* 19For  every  triple  L, VQ, R), where L is an arithmetic or enumeration
     type, VQ is either volatile or empty, and R is a  promoted  arithmetic
     type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
       VQ L&   operator=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator*=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator/=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator+=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator-=(VQ L&, R);

   20For  every  pair T, VQ), where T is any type and VQ is either volatile
     or empty, there exist candidate operator functions of the form
       T*VQ&   operator=(T*VQ&, T*);

   21For every pair T, VQ), where T is a pointer to member type and  VQ  is
     either  volatile or empty, there exist candidate operator functions of
     the form
       VQ T&   operator=(VQ T&, T);

   22For every triple  T,  VQ,  I),  where  T  is  a  cv-qualified  or  cv-
     unqualified  complete object type, VQ is either volatile or empty, and
     I is a promoted integral type, there exist  candidate  operator  func-
     tions of the form
       T*VQ&   operator+=(T*VQ&, I);
       T*VQ&   operator-=(T*VQ&, I);

   23For  every  triple  L,  VQ,  R), where L is an integral or enumeration
     type, VQ is either volatile or empty, and R  is  a  promoted  integral
     type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form

       VQ L&   operator%=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator<<=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator>>=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator&=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator^=(VQ L&, R);
       VQ L&   operator|=(VQ L&, R);  */

    case MODIFY_EXPR:
      switch (code2)
  {
  case PLUS_EXPR:
  case MINUS_EXPR:
    if (TYPE_PTROB_P (type1) && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type2))
      {
        type2 = ptrdiff_type_node;
        break;
      }
  case MULT_EXPR:
  case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
    if (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type1) && ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type2))
      break;
    return;

  case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
  case BIT_AND_EXPR:
  case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
  case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
  case LSHIFT_EXPR:
  case RSHIFT_EXPR:
    if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type1) && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type2))
      break;
    return;

  case NOP_EXPR:
    if (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type1) && ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (type2))
      break;
    if ((TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1) && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type2))
        || (TYPE_PTR_P (type1) && TYPE_PTR_P (type2))
        || (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type1) && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type2))
        || ((TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1)
       || TREE_CODE (type1) == POINTER_TYPE)
      && null_ptr_cst_p (args[1])))
      {
        type2 = type1;
        break;
      }
    return;

  default:
    abort ();
  }
      type1 = build_reference_type (type1);
      break;

    case COND_EXPR:
      /* [over.built]

   For every pair of promoted arithmetic types L and R, there
   exist candidate operator functions of the form 

   LR operator?(bool, L, R); 

   where LR is the result of the usual arithmetic conversions
   between types L and R.

   For every type T, where T is a pointer or pointer-to-member
   type, there exist candidate operator functions of the form T
   operator?(bool, T, T);  */

      if (promoted_arithmetic_type_p (type1)
    && promoted_arithmetic_type_p (type2))
  /* That's OK.  */
  break;

      /* Otherwise, the types should be pointers.  */
      if (!(TREE_CODE (type1) == POINTER_TYPE
      || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type1)
      || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1))
    || !(TREE_CODE (type2) == POINTER_TYPE
         || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type2)
         || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type2)))
  return;
      
      /* We don't check that the two types are the same; the logic
   below will actually create two candidates; one in which both
   parameter types are TYPE1, and one in which both parameter
   types are TYPE2.  */
      break;

    default:
      abort ();
    }

  /* If we're dealing with two pointer types or two enumeral types,
     we need candidates for both of them.  */
  if (type2 && !same_type_p (type1, type2)
      && TREE_CODE (type1) == TREE_CODE (type2)
      && (TREE_CODE (type1) == REFERENCE_TYPE
    || (TREE_CODE (type1) == POINTER_TYPE
        && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type1) == TYPE_PTRMEM_P (type2))
    || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type1)
    || IS_AGGR_TYPE (type1)
    || TREE_CODE (type1) == ENUMERAL_TYPE))
    {
      build_builtin_candidate
  (candidates, fnname, type1, type1, args, argtypes, flags);
      build_builtin_candidate
  (candidates, fnname, type2, type2, args, argtypes, flags);
      return;
    }

  build_builtin_candidate
    (candidates, fnname, type1, type2, args, argtypes, flags);
}

tree
type_decays_to (type)
     tree type;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    return build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (type));
  if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    return build_pointer_type (type);
  return type;
}

/* There are three conditions of builtin candidates:

   1) bool-taking candidates.  These are the same regardless of the input.
   2) pointer-pair taking candidates.  These are generated for each type
      one of the input types converts to.
   3) arithmetic candidates.  According to the standard, we should generate
      all of these, but I'm trying not to...
   
   Here we generate a superset of the possible candidates for this particular
   case.  That is a subset of the full set the standard defines, plus some
   other cases which the standard disallows. add_builtin_candidate will
   filter out the invalid set.  */

static void
add_builtin_candidates (candidates, code, code2, fnname, args, flags)
     struct z_candidate **candidates;
     enum tree_code code, code2;
     tree fnname, *args;
     int flags;
{
  int ref1, i;
  int enum_p = 0;
  tree type, argtypes[3];
  /* TYPES[i] is the set of possible builtin-operator parameter types
     we will consider for the Ith argument.  These are represented as
     a TREE_LIST; the TREE_VALUE of each node is the potential
     parameter type.  */
  tree types[2];

  for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
      if (args[i])
  argtypes[i]  = lvalue_type (args[i]);
      else
  argtypes[i] = NULL_TREE;
    }

  switch (code)
    {
/* 4 For every pair T, VQ), where T is an arithmetic or  enumeration  type,
     and  VQ  is  either  volatile or empty, there exist candidate operator
     functions of the form
     VQ T&   operator++(VQ T&);  */

    case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case MODIFY_EXPR:
      ref1 = 1;
      break;

/* 24There also exist candidate operator functions of the form
       bool    operator!(bool);
       bool    operator&&(bool, bool);
       bool    operator||(bool, bool);  */

    case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:
      build_builtin_candidate
  (candidates, fnname, boolean_type_node,
   NULL_TREE, args, argtypes, flags);
      return;

    case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:
      build_builtin_candidate
  (candidates, fnname, boolean_type_node,
   boolean_type_node, args, argtypes, flags);
      return;

    case ADDR_EXPR:
    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
    case COMPONENT_REF:
      return;

    case COND_EXPR:
    case EQ_EXPR:
    case NE_EXPR:
    case LT_EXPR:
    case LE_EXPR:
    case GT_EXPR:
    case GE_EXPR:
      enum_p = 1;
      /* FALLTHROUGH */
    
    default:
      ref1 = 0;
    }

  types[0] = types[1] = NULL_TREE;

  for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
    {
      if (! args[i])
  ;
      else if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (argtypes[i]))
  {
    tree convs;

    if (i == 0 && code == MODIFY_EXPR && code2 == NOP_EXPR)
      return;

    convs = lookup_conversions (argtypes[i]);

    if (code == COND_EXPR)
      {
        if (real_lvalue_p (args[i]))
    types[i] = tree_cons
      (NULL_TREE, build_reference_type (argtypes[i]), types[i]);

        types[i] = tree_cons
    (NULL_TREE, TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (argtypes[i]), types[i]);
      }

    else if (! convs)
      return;

    for (; convs; convs = TREE_CHAIN (convs))
      {
        type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (OVL_CURRENT (TREE_VALUE (convs))));

        if (i == 0 && ref1
      && (TREE_CODE (type) != REFERENCE_TYPE
          || CP_TYPE_CONST_P (TREE_TYPE (type))))
    continue;

        if (code == COND_EXPR && TREE_CODE (type) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    types[i] = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, type, types[i]);

        type = non_reference (type);
        if (i != 0 || ! ref1)
    {
      type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type_decays_to (type));
            if (enum_p && TREE_CODE (type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
              types[i] = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, type, types[i]);
      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type))
        type = type_promotes_to (type);
    }

        if (! value_member (type, types[i]))
    types[i] = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, type, types[i]);
      }
  }
      else
  {
    if (code == COND_EXPR && real_lvalue_p (args[i]))
      types[i] = tree_cons
        (NULL_TREE, build_reference_type (argtypes[i]), types[i]);
    type = non_reference (argtypes[i]);
    if (i != 0 || ! ref1)
      {
        type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type_decays_to (type));
        if (enum_p && TREE_CODE (type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
          types[i] = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, type, types[i]);
        if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type))
    type = type_promotes_to (type);
      }
    types[i] = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, type, types[i]);
  }
    }

  /* Run through the possible parameter types of both arguments,
     creating candidates with those parameter types.  */
  for (; types[0]; types[0] = TREE_CHAIN (types[0]))
    {
      if (types[1])
  for (type = types[1]; type; type = TREE_CHAIN (type))
    add_builtin_candidate
      (candidates, code, code2, fnname, TREE_VALUE (types[0]),
       TREE_VALUE (type), args, argtypes, flags);
      else
  add_builtin_candidate
    (candidates, code, code2, fnname, TREE_VALUE (types[0]),
     NULL_TREE, args, argtypes, flags);
    }

  return;
}


/* If TMPL can be successfully instantiated as indicated by
   EXPLICIT_TARGS and ARGLIST, adds the instantiation to CANDIDATES.

   TMPL is the template.  EXPLICIT_TARGS are any explicit template
   arguments.  ARGLIST is the arguments provided at the call-site.
   The RETURN_TYPE is the desired type for conversion operators.  If
   OBJ is NULL_TREE, FLAGS and CTYPE are as for add_function_candidate.
   If an OBJ is supplied, FLAGS and CTYPE are ignored, and OBJ is as for
   add_conv_candidate.  */

static struct z_candidate*
add_template_candidate_real (candidates, tmpl, ctype, explicit_targs,
           arglist, return_type, access_path,
           conversion_path, flags, obj, strict)
     struct z_candidate **candidates;
     tree tmpl, ctype, explicit_targs, arglist, return_type;
     tree access_path;
     tree conversion_path;
     int flags;
     tree obj;
     unification_kind_t strict;
{
  int ntparms = DECL_NTPARMS (tmpl);
  tree targs = make_tree_vec (ntparms);
  tree args_without_in_chrg = arglist;
  struct z_candidate *cand;
  int i;
  tree fn;

  /* We don't do deduction on the in-charge parameter, the VTT
     parameter or 'this'.  */
  if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (tmpl))
    args_without_in_chrg = TREE_CHAIN (args_without_in_chrg);

  if ((DECL_MAYBE_IN_CHARGE_CONSTRUCTOR_P (tmpl)
       || DECL_BASE_CONSTRUCTOR_P (tmpl))
      && TYPE_USES_VIRTUAL_BASECLASSES (DECL_CONTEXT (tmpl)))
    args_without_in_chrg = TREE_CHAIN (args_without_in_chrg);

  i = fn_type_unification (tmpl, explicit_targs, targs,
         args_without_in_chrg,
         return_type, strict, -1);

  if (i != 0)
    return NULL;

  fn = instantiate_template (tmpl, targs);
  if (fn == error_mark_node)
    return NULL;

  /* In [class.copy]:

       A member function template is never instantiated to perform the
       copy of a class object to an object of its class type.  

     It's a little unclear what this means; the standard explicitly
     does allow a template to be used to copy a class.  For example,
     in:

       struct A {
         A(A&);
   template <class T> A(const T&);
       };
       const A f ();
       void g () { A a (f ()); }
       
     the member template will be used to make the copy.  The section
     quoted above appears in the paragraph that forbids constructors
     whose only parameter is (a possibly cv-qualified variant of) the
     class type, and a logical interpretation is that the intent was
     to forbid the instantiation of member templates which would then
     have that form.  */
  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn) && list_length (arglist) == 2) 
    {
      tree arg_types = FUNCTION_FIRST_USER_PARMTYPE (fn);
      if (arg_types && same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_VALUE (arg_types)),
            ctype))
  return NULL;
    }

  if (obj != NULL_TREE)
    /* Aha, this is a conversion function.  */
    cand = add_conv_candidate (candidates, fn, obj, access_path,
             conversion_path, arglist);
  else
    cand = add_function_candidate (candidates, fn, ctype,
           arglist, access_path, 
           conversion_path, flags);
  if (DECL_TI_TEMPLATE (fn) != tmpl)
    /* This situation can occur if a member template of a template
       class is specialized.  Then, instantiate_template might return
       an instantiation of the specialization, in which case the
       DECL_TI_TEMPLATE field will point at the original
       specialization.  For example:

   template <class T> struct S { template <class U> void f(U);
               template <> void f(int) {}; };
   S<double> sd;
   sd.f(3);

       Here, TMPL will be template <class U> S<double>::f(U).
       And, instantiate template will give us the specialization
       template <> S<double>::f(int).  But, the DECL_TI_TEMPLATE field
       for this will point at template <class T> template <> S<T>::f(int),
       so that we can find the definition.  For the purposes of
       overload resolution, however, we want the original TMPL.  */
    cand->template = tree_cons (tmpl, targs, NULL_TREE);
  else
    cand->template = DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (fn);

  return cand;
}


static struct z_candidate *
add_template_candidate (candidates, tmpl, ctype, explicit_targs, 
      arglist, return_type, access_path, 
      conversion_path, flags, strict)
     struct z_candidate **candidates;
     tree tmpl, ctype, explicit_targs, arglist, return_type;
     tree access_path;
     tree conversion_path;
     int flags;
     unification_kind_t strict;
{
  return 
    add_template_candidate_real (candidates, tmpl, ctype,
         explicit_targs, arglist, return_type, 
         access_path, conversion_path,
         flags, NULL_TREE, strict);
}


static struct z_candidate *
add_template_conv_candidate (candidates, tmpl, obj, arglist, return_type,
           access_path, conversion_path)
     struct z_candidate **candidates;
     tree tmpl, obj, arglist, return_type;
     tree access_path;
     tree conversion_path;
{
  return 
    add_template_candidate_real (candidates, tmpl, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE,
         arglist, return_type, access_path,
         conversion_path, 0, obj, DEDUCE_CONV);
}


static int
any_viable (cands)
     struct z_candidate *cands;
{
  for (; cands; cands = cands->next)
    if (pedantic ? cands->viable == 1 : cands->viable)
      return 1;
  return 0;
}

static int
any_strictly_viable (cands)
     struct z_candidate *cands;
{
  for (; cands; cands = cands->next)
    if (cands->viable == 1)
      return 1;
  return 0;
}

static struct z_candidate *
splice_viable (cands)
     struct z_candidate *cands;
{
  struct z_candidate **p = &cands;

  for (; *p; )
    {
      if (pedantic ? (*p)->viable == 1 : (*p)->viable)
  p = &((*p)->next);
      else
  *p = (*p)->next;
    }

  return cands;
}

static tree
build_this (obj)
     tree obj;
{
  /* Fix this to work on non-lvalues.  */
  return build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, obj, 0);
}

/* Returns true iff functions are equivalent. Equivalent functions are
   not '==' only if one is a function-local extern function or if
   both are extern "C".  */

static inline int
equal_functions (fn1, fn2)
     tree fn1;
     tree fn2;
{
  if (DECL_LOCAL_FUNCTION_P (fn1) || DECL_LOCAL_FUNCTION_P (fn2)
      || DECL_EXTERN_C_FUNCTION_P (fn1))
    return decls_match (fn1, fn2);
  return fn1 == fn2;
}

static void
print_z_candidates (struct z_candidate *candidates)
{
  const char *str;
  struct z_candidate *cand1;
  struct z_candidate **cand2;

  /* There may be duplicates in the set of candidates.  We put off
     checking this condition as long as possible, since we have no way
     to eliminate duplicates from a set of functions in less than n^2
     time.  Now we are about to emit an error message, so it is more
     permissible to go slowly.  */
  for (cand1 = candidates; cand1; cand1 = cand1->next)
    {
      tree fn = cand1->fn;
      /* Skip builtin candidates and conversion functions.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (fn) != FUNCTION_DECL)
  continue;
      cand2 = &cand1->next;
      while (*cand2)
  {
    if (TREE_CODE ((*cand2)->fn) == FUNCTION_DECL
        && equal_functions (fn, (*cand2)->fn))
      *cand2 = (*cand2)->next;
    else
      cand2 = &(*cand2)->next;
  }
    }

  str = "candidates are:";
  for (; candidates; candidates = candidates->next)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (candidates->fn) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
  {
    if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (candidates->convs) == 3)
      error ("%s %D(%T, %T, %T) <built-in>", str, candidates->fn,
          TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (candidates->convs, 0)),
          TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (candidates->convs, 1)),
          TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (candidates->convs, 2)));
    else if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (candidates->convs) == 2)
      error ("%s %D(%T, %T) <built-in>", str, candidates->fn,
          TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (candidates->convs, 0)),
          TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (candidates->convs, 1)));
    else
      error ("%s %D(%T) <built-in>", str, candidates->fn,
          TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (candidates->convs, 0)));
  }
      else if (TYPE_P (candidates->fn))
  error ("%s %T <conversion>", str, candidates->fn);
      else
  cp_error_at ("%s %+#D%s", str, candidates->fn,
         candidates->viable == -1 ? " <near match>" : "");
      str = "               "; 
    }
}

/* USER_SEQ is a user-defined conversion sequence, beginning with a
   USER_CONV.  STD_SEQ is the standard conversion sequence applied to
   the result of the conversion function to convert it to the final
   desired type.  Merge the the two sequences into a single sequence,
   and return the merged sequence.  */

static tree
merge_conversion_sequences (tree user_seq, tree std_seq)
{
  tree *t;

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (user_seq) == USER_CONV,
          20030306);

  /* Find the end of the second conversion sequence.  */
  t = &(std_seq); 
  while (TREE_CODE (*t) != IDENTITY_CONV)
    t = &TREE_OPERAND (*t, 0);

  /* Replace the identity conversion with the user conversion
     sequence.  */
  *t = user_seq;

  /* The entire sequence is a user-conversion sequence.  */
  ICS_USER_FLAG (std_seq) = 1;

  return std_seq;
}

/* Returns the best overload candidate to perform the requested
   conversion.  This function is used for three the overloading situations
   described in [over.match.copy], [over.match.conv], and [over.match.ref].
   If TOTYPE is a REFERENCE_TYPE, we're trying to find an lvalue binding as
   per [dcl.init.ref], so we ignore temporary bindings.  */

static struct z_candidate *
build_user_type_conversion_1 (totype, expr, flags)
     tree totype, expr;
     int flags;
{
  struct z_candidate *candidates, *cand;
  tree fromtype = TREE_TYPE (expr);
  tree ctors = NULL_TREE, convs = NULL_TREE;
  tree args = NULL_TREE;

  /* We represent conversion within a hierarchy using RVALUE_CONV and
     BASE_CONV, as specified by [over.best.ics]; these become plain
     constructor calls, as specified in [dcl.init].  */
  my_friendly_assert (!IS_AGGR_TYPE (fromtype) || !IS_AGGR_TYPE (totype)
          || !DERIVED_FROM_P (totype, fromtype), 20011226);

  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (totype))
    ctors = lookup_fnfields (TYPE_BINFO (totype),
           complete_ctor_identifier,
           0);

  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (fromtype))
    convs = lookup_conversions (fromtype);

  candidates = 0;
  flags |= LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION;

  if (ctors)
    {
      tree t;

      ctors = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (ctors);

      t = build_int_2 (0, 0);
      TREE_TYPE (t) = build_pointer_type (totype);
      args = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, expr);
      /* We should never try to call the abstract or base constructor
   from here.  */
      my_friendly_assert (!DECL_HAS_IN_CHARGE_PARM_P (OVL_CURRENT (ctors))
        && !DECL_HAS_VTT_PARM_P (OVL_CURRENT (ctors)),
        20011226);
      args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, t, args);
    }
  for (; ctors; ctors = OVL_NEXT (ctors))
    {
      tree ctor = OVL_CURRENT (ctors);
      if (DECL_NONCONVERTING_P (ctor))
  continue;

      if (TREE_CODE (ctor) == TEMPLATE_DECL) 
  cand = add_template_candidate (&candidates, ctor, totype,
               NULL_TREE, args, NULL_TREE, 
               TYPE_BINFO (totype),
               TYPE_BINFO (totype),
               flags,
               DEDUCE_CALL);
      else 
  cand = add_function_candidate (&candidates, ctor, totype,
               args, TYPE_BINFO (totype), 
               TYPE_BINFO (totype),
               flags); 

      if (cand)
  cand->second_conv = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, totype, NULL_TREE);
    }

  if (convs)
    args = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, build_this (expr));

  for (; convs; convs = TREE_CHAIN (convs))
    {
      tree fns;
      tree conversion_path = TREE_PURPOSE (convs);
      int convflags = LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION;

      /* If we are called to convert to a reference type, we are trying to
   find an lvalue binding, so don't even consider temporaries.  If
   we don't find an lvalue binding, the caller will try again to
   look for a temporary binding.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (totype) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
  convflags |= LOOKUP_NO_TEMP_BIND;
      
      for (fns = TREE_VALUE (convs); fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
  {
    tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
    
    /* [over.match.funcs] For conversion functions, the function
       is considered to be a member of the class of the implicit
       object argument for the purpose of defining the type of
       the implicit object parameter.

       So we pass fromtype as CTYPE to add_*_candidate.  */

    if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
      cand = add_template_candidate (&candidates, fn, fromtype, NULL_TREE,
             args, totype, 
             TYPE_BINFO (fromtype), 
             conversion_path,
             flags,
             DEDUCE_CONV);
    else 
      cand = add_function_candidate (&candidates, fn, fromtype,
             args,
             TYPE_BINFO (fromtype),
             conversion_path,
             flags); 

    if (cand)
      {
        tree ics = implicit_conversion
    (totype, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (cand->fn)),
     0, convflags);

        cand->second_conv = ics;
        
        if (ics == NULL_TREE)
    cand->viable = 0;
        else if (cand->viable == 1 && ICS_BAD_FLAG (ics))
    cand->viable = -1;
      }
  }
    }

  if (! any_viable (candidates))
    return 0;

  candidates = splice_viable (candidates);
  cand = tourney (candidates);

  if (cand == 0)
    {
      if (flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN)
  {
    error ("conversion from `%T' to `%T' is ambiguous",
        fromtype, totype);
    print_z_candidates (candidates);
  }

      cand = candidates;  /* any one will do */
      cand->second_conv = build1 (AMBIG_CONV, totype, expr);
      ICS_USER_FLAG (cand->second_conv) = 1;
      if (!any_strictly_viable (candidates))
  ICS_BAD_FLAG (cand->second_conv) = 1;
      /* If there are viable candidates, don't set ICS_BAD_FLAG; an
   ambiguous conversion is no worse than another user-defined
   conversion.  */

      return cand;
    }

  /* Build the user conversion sequence.  */
  convs = build_conv
    (USER_CONV,
     (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (cand->fn)
      ? totype : non_reference (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (cand->fn)))),
     build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, TREE_TYPE (expr), expr));
  TREE_OPERAND (convs, 1) = build_zc_wrapper (cand);

  /* Combine it with the second conversion sequence.  */
  cand->second_conv = merge_conversion_sequences (convs,
              cand->second_conv);

  if (cand->viable == -1)
    ICS_BAD_FLAG (cand->second_conv) = 1;

  return cand;
}

tree
build_user_type_conversion (totype, expr, flags)
     tree totype, expr;
     int flags;
{
  struct z_candidate *cand
    = build_user_type_conversion_1 (totype, expr, flags);

  if (cand)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (cand->second_conv) == AMBIG_CONV)
  return error_mark_node;
      return convert_from_reference (convert_like (cand->second_conv, expr));
    }
  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* Find the possibly overloaded set of functions corresponding to a
   call of the form SCOPE::NAME (...). NAME might be a
   TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR, OVERLOAD, _DECL, IDENTIFIER_NODE or LOOKUP_EXPR. */

tree
resolve_scoped_fn_name (tree scope, tree name)
{
  tree fn;
  tree template_args = NULL_TREE;
  bool is_template_id = TREE_CODE (name) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR;
  
  if (is_template_id)
    {
      template_args = TREE_OPERAND (name, 1);
      name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0);
    }
  if (TREE_CODE (name) == OVERLOAD)
    name = DECL_NAME (get_first_fn (name));
  else if (TREE_CODE (name) == LOOKUP_EXPR)
    name = TREE_OPERAND (name, 0);
  
  if (TREE_CODE (scope) == NAMESPACE_DECL)
    fn = lookup_namespace_name (scope, name);
  else if (!CLASS_TYPE_P (scope))
    {
      error ("`%T' is not a class type", scope);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  else
    {
      if (!TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (scope)
    && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (complete_type (scope)))
  {
    error ("incomplete type '%T' cannot be used to name a scope",
     scope);
    return error_mark_node;
  }
      
      if (BASELINK_P (name))
  fn = name;
      else
  fn = lookup_member (scope, name, /*protect=*/1, /*prefer_type=*/0);
      if (fn && current_class_type)
  fn = (adjust_result_of_qualified_name_lookup 
        (fn, scope, current_class_type));

      /* It might be the name of a function pointer member.  */
      if (fn && TREE_CODE (fn) == FIELD_DECL)
  fn = resolve_offset_ref (build_offset_ref (scope, fn));
    }
  
  if (!fn)
    {
      error ("'%D' has no member named '%E'", scope, name);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  if (is_template_id)
    {
      tree fns = fn;

      if (BASELINK_P (fn))
  fns = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fns);
      fns = build_nt (TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR, fns, template_args);
      if (BASELINK_P (fn))
  BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fn) = fns;
      else
  fn = fns;
    }
  
  return fn;
}

/* Do any initial processing on the arguments to a function call.  */

static tree
resolve_args (args)
     tree args;
{
  tree t;
  for (t = args; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
    {
      tree arg = TREE_VALUE (t);
      
      if (arg == error_mark_node)
  return error_mark_node;
      else if (VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg)))
  {
    error ("invalid use of void expression");
    return error_mark_node;
  }
      else if (TREE_CODE (arg) == OFFSET_REF)
  arg = resolve_offset_ref (arg);
      arg = convert_from_reference (arg);
      TREE_VALUE (t) = arg;
    }
  return args;
}

/* Return an expression for a call to FN (a namespace-scope function)
   with the ARGS.  */
      
tree
build_new_function_call (fn, args)
     tree fn, args;
{
  struct z_candidate *candidates = 0, *cand;
  tree explicit_targs = NULL_TREE;
  int template_only = 0;

  /* Check FN and ARGS.  */
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (fn) == FUNCTION_DECL 
          || TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL
          || TREE_CODE (fn) == OVERLOAD
          || TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR,
          20020712);
  my_friendly_assert (!args || TREE_CODE (args) == TREE_LIST,
          20020712);

  if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
    {
      explicit_targs = TREE_OPERAND (fn, 1);
      fn = TREE_OPERAND (fn, 0);
      template_only = 1;
    }

  if (really_overloaded_fn (fn) 
      || TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
    {
      tree t1;

      args = resolve_args (args);

      if (args == error_mark_node)
  return error_mark_node;

      for (t1 = fn; t1; t1 = OVL_NEXT (t1))
  {
    tree t = OVL_CURRENT (t1);

    if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
      add_template_candidate
        (&candidates, t, NULL_TREE, explicit_targs, args, 
         NULL_TREE,
         /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE, /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE,
         LOOKUP_NORMAL, DEDUCE_CALL);  
    else if (! template_only)
      add_function_candidate
        (&candidates, t, NULL_TREE, args, /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE, 
         /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
  }

      if (! any_viable (candidates))
  {
    if (candidates && ! candidates->next)
      return build_function_call (candidates->fn, args);
    error ("no matching function for call to `%D(%A)'",
        DECL_NAME (OVL_CURRENT (fn)), args);
    if (candidates)
      print_z_candidates (candidates);
    return error_mark_node;
  }
      candidates = splice_viable (candidates);
      cand = tourney (candidates);

      if (cand == 0)
  {
    error ("call of overloaded `%D(%A)' is ambiguous",
        DECL_NAME (OVL_FUNCTION (fn)), args);
    print_z_candidates (candidates);
    return error_mark_node;
  }

      return build_over_call (cand, args, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
    }

  /* This is not really overloaded.  */
  fn = OVL_CURRENT (fn);

  return build_function_call (fn, args);
}

static tree
build_object_call (obj, args)
     tree obj, args;
{
  struct z_candidate *candidates = 0, *cand;
  tree fns, convs, mem_args = NULL_TREE;
  tree type = TREE_TYPE (obj);

  if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (type))
    {
      /* It's no good looking for an overloaded operator() on a
   pointer-to-member-function.  */
      error ("pointer-to-member function %E cannot be called without an object; consider using .* or ->*", obj);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  fns = lookup_fnfields (TYPE_BINFO (type), ansi_opname (CALL_EXPR), 1);
  if (fns == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  args = resolve_args (args);

  if (args == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  if (fns)
    {
      tree base = BINFO_TYPE (BASELINK_BINFO (fns));
      mem_args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, build_this (obj), args);

      for (fns = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fns); fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
  {
    tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
    if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
      add_template_candidate (&candidates, fn, base, NULL_TREE,
            mem_args, NULL_TREE, 
            TYPE_BINFO (type),
            TYPE_BINFO (type),
            LOOKUP_NORMAL, DEDUCE_CALL);
    else
      add_function_candidate
        (&candidates, fn, base, mem_args, TYPE_BINFO (type),
         TYPE_BINFO (type), LOOKUP_NORMAL);
  }
    }

  convs = lookup_conversions (type);

  for (; convs; convs = TREE_CHAIN (convs))
    {
      tree fns = TREE_VALUE (convs);
      tree totype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (OVL_CURRENT (fns)));

      if ((TREE_CODE (totype) == POINTER_TYPE
     && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (totype)) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    || (TREE_CODE (totype) == REFERENCE_TYPE
        && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (totype)) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    || (TREE_CODE (totype) == REFERENCE_TYPE
        && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (totype)) == POINTER_TYPE
        && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (totype))) == FUNCTION_TYPE))
  for (; fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
    {
      tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
      if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL) 
        add_template_conv_candidate 
    (&candidates, fn, obj, args, totype,
     /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
     /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE);
      else
        add_conv_candidate (&candidates, fn, obj, args,
          /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE,
          /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE);
    }
    }

  if (! any_viable (candidates))
    {
      error ("no match for call to `(%T) (%A)'", TREE_TYPE (obj), args);
      print_z_candidates (candidates);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  candidates = splice_viable (candidates);
  cand = tourney (candidates);

  if (cand == 0)
    {
      error ("call of `(%T) (%A)' is ambiguous", TREE_TYPE (obj), args);
      print_z_candidates (candidates);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* Since cand->fn will be a type, not a function, for a conversion
     function, we must be careful not to unconditionally look at
     DECL_NAME here.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (cand->fn) == FUNCTION_DECL
      && DECL_OVERLOADED_OPERATOR_P (cand->fn) == CALL_EXPR)
    return build_over_call (cand, mem_args, LOOKUP_NORMAL);

  obj = convert_like_with_context
          (TREE_VEC_ELT (cand->convs, 0), obj, cand->fn, -1);

  /* FIXME */
  return build_function_call (obj, args);
}

static void
op_error (code, code2, arg1, arg2, arg3, problem)
     enum tree_code code, code2;
     tree arg1, arg2, arg3;
     const char *problem;
{
  const char *opname;

  if (code == MODIFY_EXPR)
    opname = assignment_operator_name_info[code2].name;
  else
    opname = operator_name_info[code].name;

  switch (code)
    {
    case COND_EXPR:
      error ("%s for ternary 'operator?:' in '%E ? %E : %E'",
             problem, arg1, arg2, arg3);
      break;
      
    case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
      error ("%s for 'operator%s' in '%E%s'", problem, opname, arg1, opname);
      break;
      
    case ARRAY_REF:
      error ("%s for 'operator[]' in '%E[%E]'", problem, arg1, arg2);
      break;
      
    default:
      if (arg2)
  error ("%s for 'operator%s' in '%E %s %E'",
               problem, opname, arg1, opname, arg2);
      else
  error ("%s for 'operator%s' in '%s%E'",
               problem, opname, opname, arg1);
      break;
    }
}

/* Return the implicit conversion sequence that could be used to
   convert E1 to E2 in [expr.cond].  */

static tree
conditional_conversion (e1, e2)
     tree e1;
     tree e2;
{
  tree t1 = non_reference (TREE_TYPE (e1));
  tree t2 = non_reference (TREE_TYPE (e2));
  tree conv;
  bool good_base;

  /* [expr.cond]

     If E2 is an lvalue: E1 can be converted to match E2 if E1 can be
     implicitly converted (clause _conv_) to the type "reference to
     T2", subject to the constraint that in the conversion the
     reference must bind directly (_dcl.init.ref_) to E1.  */
  if (real_lvalue_p (e2))
    {
      conv = implicit_conversion (build_reference_type (t2), 
          t1,
          e1,
          LOOKUP_NO_TEMP_BIND);
      if (conv)
  return conv;
    }

  /* [expr.cond]

     If E1 and E2 have class type, and the underlying class types are
     the same or one is a base class of the other: E1 can be converted
     to match E2 if the class of T2 is the same type as, or a base
     class of, the class of T1, and the cv-qualification of T2 is the
     same cv-qualification as, or a greater cv-qualification than, the
     cv-qualification of T1.  If the conversion is applied, E1 is
     changed to an rvalue of type T2 that still refers to the original
     source class object (or the appropriate subobject thereof).  */
  if (CLASS_TYPE_P (t1) && CLASS_TYPE_P (t2)
      && ((good_base = DERIVED_FROM_P (t2, t1)) || DERIVED_FROM_P (t1, t2)))
    {
      if (good_base && at_least_as_qualified_p (t2, t1))
  {
    conv = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, t1, e1);
    if (!same_type_p (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t1), 
          TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t2)))
      conv = build_conv (BASE_CONV, t2, conv);
    return conv;
  }
      else
  return NULL_TREE;
    }
  else
    /* [expr.cond]

       Otherwise: E1 can be converted to match E2 if E1 can be implicitly
       converted to the type that expression E2 would have if E2 were
       converted to an rvalue (or the type it has, if E2 is an rvalue).  */
    return implicit_conversion (t2, t1, e1, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
}

/* Implement [expr.cond].  ARG1, ARG2, and ARG3 are the three
   arguments to the conditional expression.  */

tree
build_conditional_expr (arg1, arg2, arg3)
     tree arg1;
     tree arg2;
     tree arg3;
{
  tree arg2_type;
  tree arg3_type;
  tree result;
  tree result_type = NULL_TREE;
  int lvalue_p = 1;
  struct z_candidate *candidates = 0;
  struct z_candidate *cand;

  /* As a G++ extension, the second argument to the conditional can be
     omitted.  (So that `a ? : c' is roughly equivalent to `a ? a :
     c'.)  If the second operand is omitted, make sure it is
     calculated only once.  */
  if (!arg2)
    {
      if (pedantic)
  pedwarn ("ISO C++ forbids omitting the middle term of a ?: expression");
      arg1 = arg2 = save_expr (arg1);
    }

  /* [expr.cond]
  
     The first expr ession is implicitly converted to bool (clause
     _conv_).  */
  arg1 = cp_convert (boolean_type_node, arg1);

  /* If something has already gone wrong, just pass that fact up the
     tree.  */
  if (arg1 == error_mark_node 
      || arg2 == error_mark_node 
      || arg3 == error_mark_node 
      || TREE_TYPE (arg1) == error_mark_node
      || TREE_TYPE (arg2) == error_mark_node
      || TREE_TYPE (arg3) == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  /* [expr.cond]

     If either the second or the third operand has type (possibly
     cv-qualified) void, then the lvalue-to-rvalue (_conv.lval_),
     array-to-pointer (_conv.array_), and function-to-pointer
     (_conv.func_) standard conversions are performed on the second
     and third operands.  */
  arg2_type = TREE_TYPE (arg2);
  arg3_type = TREE_TYPE (arg3);
  if (VOID_TYPE_P (arg2_type) || VOID_TYPE_P (arg3_type))
    {
      /* Do the conversions.  We don't these for `void' type arguments
   since it can't have any effect and since decay_conversion
   does not handle that case gracefully.  */
      if (!VOID_TYPE_P (arg2_type))
  arg2 = decay_conversion (arg2);
      if (!VOID_TYPE_P (arg3_type))
  arg3 = decay_conversion (arg3);
      arg2_type = TREE_TYPE (arg2);
      arg3_type = TREE_TYPE (arg3);

      /* [expr.cond]

   One of the following shall hold:

   --The second or the third operand (but not both) is a
     throw-expression (_except.throw_); the result is of the
     type of the other and is an rvalue.

   --Both the second and the third operands have type void; the
     result is of type void and is an rvalue.  */
      if ((TREE_CODE (arg2) == THROW_EXPR)
    ^ (TREE_CODE (arg3) == THROW_EXPR))
  result_type = ((TREE_CODE (arg2) == THROW_EXPR) 
           ? arg3_type : arg2_type);
      else if (VOID_TYPE_P (arg2_type) && VOID_TYPE_P (arg3_type))
  result_type = void_type_node;
      else
  {
    error ("`%E' has type `void' and is not a throw-expression",
        VOID_TYPE_P (arg2_type) ? arg2 : arg3);
    return error_mark_node;
  }

      lvalue_p = 0;
      goto valid_operands;
    }
  /* [expr.cond]

     Otherwise, if the second and third operand have different types,
     and either has (possibly cv-qualified) class type, an attempt is
     made to convert each of those operands to the type of the other.  */
  else if (!same_type_p (arg2_type, arg3_type)
     && (CLASS_TYPE_P (arg2_type) || CLASS_TYPE_P (arg3_type)))
    {
      tree conv2 = conditional_conversion (arg2, arg3);
      tree conv3 = conditional_conversion (arg3, arg2);
      
      /* [expr.cond]

   If both can be converted, or one can be converted but the
   conversion is ambiguous, the program is ill-formed.  If
   neither can be converted, the operands are left unchanged and
   further checking is performed as described below.  If exactly
   one conversion is possible, that conversion is applied to the
   chosen operand and the converted operand is used in place of
   the original operand for the remainder of this section.  */
      if ((conv2 && !ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv2) 
     && conv3 && !ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv3))
    || (conv2 && TREE_CODE (conv2) == AMBIG_CONV)
    || (conv3 && TREE_CODE (conv3) == AMBIG_CONV))
  {
    error ("operands to ?: have different types");
    return error_mark_node;
  }
      else if (conv2 && !ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv2))
  {
    arg2 = convert_like (conv2, arg2);
    arg2 = convert_from_reference (arg2);
    /* That may not quite have done the trick.  If the two types
       are cv-qualified variants of one another, we will have
       just used an IDENTITY_CONV.  (There's no conversion from
       an lvalue of one class type to an lvalue of another type,
       even a cv-qualified variant, and we don't want to lose
       lvalue-ness here.)  So, we manually add a NOP_EXPR here
       if necessary.  */
    if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (arg2), arg3_type))
      arg2 = build1 (NOP_EXPR, arg3_type, arg2);
    arg2_type = TREE_TYPE (arg2);
  }
      else if (conv3 && !ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv3))
  {
    arg3 = convert_like (conv3, arg3);
    arg3 = convert_from_reference (arg3);
    if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (arg3), arg2_type))
      arg3 = build1 (NOP_EXPR, arg2_type, arg3);
    arg3_type = TREE_TYPE (arg3);
  }
    }

  /* [expr.cond]

     If the second and third operands are lvalues and have the same
     type, the result is of that type and is an lvalue.  */
  if (real_lvalue_p (arg2) && real_lvalue_p (arg3) && 
      same_type_p (arg2_type, arg3_type))
    {
      result_type = arg2_type;
      goto valid_operands;
    }

  /* [expr.cond]

     Otherwise, the result is an rvalue.  If the second and third
     operand do not have the same type, and either has (possibly
     cv-qualified) class type, overload resolution is used to
     determine the conversions (if any) to be applied to the operands
     (_over.match.oper_, _over.built_).  */
  lvalue_p = 0;
  if (!same_type_p (arg2_type, arg3_type)
      && (CLASS_TYPE_P (arg2_type) || CLASS_TYPE_P (arg3_type)))
    {
      tree args[3];
      tree conv;

      /* Rearrange the arguments so that add_builtin_candidate only has
   to know about two args.  In build_builtin_candidates, the
   arguments are unscrambled.  */
      args[0] = arg2;
      args[1] = arg3;
      args[2] = arg1;
      add_builtin_candidates (&candidates, 
            COND_EXPR, 
            NOP_EXPR,
            ansi_opname (COND_EXPR),
            args,
            LOOKUP_NORMAL);

      /* [expr.cond]

   If the overload resolution fails, the program is
   ill-formed.  */
      if (!any_viable (candidates))
  {
    op_error (COND_EXPR, NOP_EXPR, arg1, arg2, arg3, "no match");
    print_z_candidates (candidates);
    return error_mark_node;
  }
      candidates = splice_viable (candidates);
      cand = tourney (candidates);
      if (!cand)
  {
    op_error (COND_EXPR, NOP_EXPR, arg1, arg2, arg3, "no match");
    print_z_candidates (candidates);
    return error_mark_node;
  }

      /* [expr.cond]

   Otherwise, the conversions thus determined are applied, and
   the converted operands are used in place of the original
   operands for the remainder of this section.  */
      conv = TREE_VEC_ELT (cand->convs, 0);
      arg1 = convert_like (conv, arg1);
      conv = TREE_VEC_ELT (cand->convs, 1);
      arg2 = convert_like (conv, arg2);
      conv = TREE_VEC_ELT (cand->convs, 2);
      arg3 = convert_like (conv, arg3);
    }

  /* [expr.cond]

     Lvalue-to-rvalue (_conv.lval_), array-to-pointer (_conv.array_),
     and function-to-pointer (_conv.func_) standard conversions are
     performed on the second and third operands.

     We need to force the lvalue-to-rvalue conversion here for class types,
     so we get TARGET_EXPRs; trying to deal with a COND_EXPR of class rvalues
     that isn't wrapped with a TARGET_EXPR plays havoc with exception
     regions.

     We use ocp_convert rather than build_user_type_conversion because the
     latter returns NULL_TREE on failure, while the former gives an error.  */

  arg2 = force_rvalue (arg2);
  arg2_type = TREE_TYPE (arg2);

  arg3 = force_rvalue (arg3);
  arg3_type = TREE_TYPE (arg3);

  if (arg2 == error_mark_node || arg3 == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;
  
  /* [expr.cond]
     
     After those conversions, one of the following shall hold:

     --The second and third operands have the same type; the result  is  of
       that type.  */
  if (same_type_p (arg2_type, arg3_type))
    result_type = arg2_type;
  /* [expr.cond]

     --The second and third operands have arithmetic or enumeration
       type; the usual arithmetic conversions are performed to bring
       them to a common type, and the result is of that type.  */
  else if ((ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (arg2_type) 
      || TREE_CODE (arg2_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
     && (ARITHMETIC_TYPE_P (arg3_type)
         || TREE_CODE (arg3_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE))
    {
      /* In this case, there is always a common type.  */
      result_type = type_after_usual_arithmetic_conversions (arg2_type, 
                   arg3_type);
      
      if (TREE_CODE (arg2_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
          && TREE_CODE (arg3_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
         warning ("enumeral mismatch in conditional expression: `%T' vs `%T'",
                   arg2_type, arg3_type);
      else if (extra_warnings
               && ((TREE_CODE (arg2_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
                    && !same_type_p (arg3_type, type_promotes_to (arg2_type)))
                   || (TREE_CODE (arg3_type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE
                       && !same_type_p (arg2_type, type_promotes_to (arg3_type)))))
        warning ("enumeral and non-enumeral type in conditional expression");
      
      arg2 = perform_implicit_conversion (result_type, arg2);
      arg3 = perform_implicit_conversion (result_type, arg3);
    }
  /* [expr.cond]

     --The second and third operands have pointer type, or one has
       pointer type and the other is a null pointer constant; pointer
       conversions (_conv.ptr_) and qualification conversions
       (_conv.qual_) are performed to bring them to their composite
       pointer type (_expr.rel_).  The result is of the composite
       pointer type.

     --The second and third operands have pointer to member type, or
       one has pointer to member type and the other is a null pointer
       constant; pointer to member conversions (_conv.mem_) and
       qualification conversions (_conv.qual_) are performed to bring
       them to a common type, whose cv-qualification shall match the
       cv-qualification of either the second or the third operand.
       The result is of the common type.  */
  else if ((null_ptr_cst_p (arg2) 
      && (TYPE_PTR_P (arg3_type) || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (arg3_type)
    || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (arg3_type)))
     || (null_ptr_cst_p (arg3) 
         && (TYPE_PTR_P (arg2_type) || TYPE_PTRMEM_P (arg2_type)
    || TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (arg2_type)))
     || (TYPE_PTR_P (arg2_type) && TYPE_PTR_P (arg3_type))
     || (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (arg2_type) && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (arg3_type))
     || (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (arg2_type) 
         && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (arg3_type)))
    {
      result_type = composite_pointer_type (arg2_type, arg3_type, arg2,
              arg3, "conditional expression");
      arg2 = perform_implicit_conversion (result_type, arg2);
      arg3 = perform_implicit_conversion (result_type, arg3);
    }

  if (!result_type)
    {
      error ("operands to ?: have different types");
      return error_mark_node;
    }

 valid_operands:
  result = fold (build (COND_EXPR, result_type, arg1, arg2, arg3));
  /* Expand both sides into the same slot, hopefully the target of the
     ?: expression.  We used to check for TARGET_EXPRs here, but now we
     sometimes wrap them in NOP_EXPRs so the test would fail.  */
  if (!lvalue_p && IS_AGGR_TYPE (result_type))
    result = build_target_expr_with_type (result, result_type);
  
  /* If this expression is an rvalue, but might be mistaken for an
     lvalue, we must add a NON_LVALUE_EXPR.  */
  if (!lvalue_p && real_lvalue_p (result))
    result = build1 (NON_LVALUE_EXPR, result_type, result);

  return result;
}

tree
build_new_op (code, flags, arg1, arg2, arg3)
     enum tree_code code;
     int flags;
     tree arg1, arg2, arg3;
{
  struct z_candidate *candidates = 0, *cand;
  tree fns, mem_arglist = NULL_TREE, arglist, fnname;
  enum tree_code code2 = NOP_EXPR;
  tree conv;
  bool viable_candidates;

  if (arg1 == error_mark_node
      || arg2 == error_mark_node
      || arg3 == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  /* This can happen if a template takes all non-type parameters, e.g.
     undeclared_template<1, 5, 72>a;  */
  if (code == LT_EXPR && TREE_CODE (arg1) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
    {
      error ("`%D' must be declared before use", arg1);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (code == MODIFY_EXPR)
    {
      code2 = TREE_CODE (arg3);
      arg3 = NULL_TREE;
      fnname = ansi_assopname (code2);
    }
  else
    fnname = ansi_opname (code);

  if (TREE_CODE (arg1) == OFFSET_REF)
    arg1 = resolve_offset_ref (arg1);
  arg1 = convert_from_reference (arg1);
  if (CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg1))
      && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (TREE_TYPE (arg1)))
    /* Make sure the template type is instantiated now.  */
    instantiate_class_template (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (arg1)));
  
  switch (code)
    {
    case NEW_EXPR:
    case VEC_NEW_EXPR:
    case VEC_DELETE_EXPR:
    case DELETE_EXPR:
      /* Use build_op_new_call and build_op_delete_call instead.  */
      abort ();

    case CALL_EXPR:
      return build_object_call (arg1, arg2);

    default:
      break;
    }

  if (arg2)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (arg2) == OFFSET_REF)
  arg2 = resolve_offset_ref (arg2);
      arg2 = convert_from_reference (arg2);
      if (CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg2))
    && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (TREE_TYPE (arg2)))
  instantiate_class_template (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (arg2)));
    }
  if (arg3)
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (arg3) == OFFSET_REF)
  arg3 = resolve_offset_ref (arg3);
      arg3 = convert_from_reference (arg3);
      if (CLASS_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg3))
    && CLASSTYPE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION (TREE_TYPE (arg3)))
  instantiate_class_template (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (arg3)));
    }
  
  if (code == COND_EXPR)
    {
      if (arg2 == NULL_TREE
    || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg2)) == VOID_TYPE
    || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg3)) == VOID_TYPE
    || (! IS_OVERLOAD_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg2))
        && ! IS_OVERLOAD_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg3))))
  goto builtin;
    }
  else if (! IS_OVERLOAD_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg1))
     && (! arg2 || ! IS_OVERLOAD_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg2))))
    goto builtin;

  if (code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR || code == POSTDECREMENT_EXPR)
    arg2 = integer_zero_node;

  arglist = NULL_TREE;
  if (arg3)
    arglist = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, arg3, arglist);
  if (arg2)
    arglist = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, arg2, arglist);
  arglist = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, arg1, arglist);

  fns = lookup_function_nonclass (fnname, arglist);

  if (fns && TREE_CODE (fns) == TREE_LIST)
    fns = TREE_VALUE (fns);
  for (; fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
    {
      tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
      if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
  add_template_candidate (&candidates, fn, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE,
        arglist, TREE_TYPE (fnname),
        /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
        /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE,
        flags, DEDUCE_CALL); 
      else
  add_function_candidate (&candidates, fn, NULL_TREE,
        arglist,
        /*access_path=*/NULL_TREE,
        /*conversion_path=*/NULL_TREE,
        flags);
    }

  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg1)))
    {
      fns = lookup_fnfields (TYPE_BINFO (TREE_TYPE (arg1)), fnname, 1);
      if (fns == error_mark_node)
  return fns;
    }
  else
    fns = NULL_TREE;

  if (fns)
    {
      tree conversion_path = BASELINK_BINFO (fns);

      mem_arglist = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, build_this (arg1), TREE_CHAIN (arglist));
      for (fns = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fns); fns; fns = OVL_NEXT (fns))
  {
    tree fn = OVL_CURRENT (fns);
    tree this_arglist;
    tree access_path = TYPE_BINFO (TREE_TYPE (arg1));

    if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (fn)) == METHOD_TYPE)
      this_arglist = mem_arglist;
    else
      this_arglist = arglist;

    if (TREE_CODE (fn) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
      /* A member template.  */
      add_template_candidate (&candidates, fn, 
            BINFO_TYPE (conversion_path),
            NULL_TREE,
            this_arglist,  TREE_TYPE (fnname),
            access_path, conversion_path,
            flags, DEDUCE_CALL); 
    else
      add_function_candidate
        (&candidates, fn, BINFO_TYPE (conversion_path), this_arglist, 
         access_path, conversion_path, flags);
  }
    }

  {
    tree args[3];

    /* Rearrange the arguments for ?: so that add_builtin_candidate only has
       to know about two args; a builtin candidate will always have a first
       parameter of type bool.  We'll handle that in
       build_builtin_candidate.  */
    if (code == COND_EXPR)
      {
  args[0] = arg2;
  args[1] = arg3;
  args[2] = arg1;
      }
    else
      {
  args[0] = arg1;
  args[1] = arg2;
  args[2] = NULL_TREE;
      }

    add_builtin_candidates (&candidates, code, code2, fnname, args, flags);
  }

  switch (code)
    {
    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
    case ADDR_EXPR:
      /* For these, the built-in candidates set is empty
   [over.match.oper]/3.  We don't want non-strict matches
   because exact matches are always possible with built-in
   operators.  The built-in candidate set for COMPONENT_REF
   would be empty too, but since there are no such built-in
   operators, we accept non-strict matches for them.  */
      viable_candidates = any_strictly_viable (candidates);
      break;

    default:
      viable_candidates = any_viable (candidates);
      break;
    }      

  if (! viable_candidates)
    {
      switch (code)
  {
  case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
  case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
    /* Look for an `operator++ (int)'.  If they didn't have
       one, then we fall back to the old way of doing things.  */
    if (flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN)
      pedwarn ("no `%D(int)' declared for postfix `%s', trying prefix operator instead",
      fnname, 
      operator_name_info[code].name);
    if (code == POSTINCREMENT_EXPR)
      code = PREINCREMENT_EXPR;
    else
      code = PREDECREMENT_EXPR; 
    return build_new_op (code, flags, arg1, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
    
    /* The caller will deal with these.  */
  case ADDR_EXPR:
  case COMPOUND_EXPR:
  case COMPONENT_REF:
    return NULL_TREE;

  default:
    break;
  }
      if (flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN)
  {
    op_error (code, code2, arg1, arg2, arg3, "no match");
    print_z_candidates (candidates);
  }
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  candidates = splice_viable (candidates);
  cand = tourney (candidates);

  if (cand == 0)
    {
      if (flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN)
  {
    op_error (code, code2, arg1, arg2, arg3, "ambiguous overload");
    print_z_candidates (candidates);
  }
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (TREE_CODE (cand->fn) == FUNCTION_DECL)
    {
      extern int warn_synth;
      if (warn_synth
    && fnname == ansi_assopname (NOP_EXPR)
    && DECL_ARTIFICIAL (cand->fn)
    && candidates->next
    && ! candidates->next->next)
  {
    warning ("using synthesized `%#D' for copy assignment",
          cand->fn);
    cp_warning_at ("  where cfront would use `%#D'",
       cand == candidates
       ? candidates->next->fn
       : candidates->fn);
  }

      return build_over_call
  (cand,
   TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (cand->fn)) == METHOD_TYPE
   ? mem_arglist : arglist,
   LOOKUP_NORMAL);
    }

  /* Check for comparison of different enum types.  */
  switch (code)
    {
    case GT_EXPR:
    case LT_EXPR:
    case GE_EXPR:
    case LE_EXPR:
    case EQ_EXPR:
    case NE_EXPR:
      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg1)) == ENUMERAL_TYPE 
    && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg2)) == ENUMERAL_TYPE 
    && (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (arg1))
        != TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (arg2))))
  {
    warning ("comparison between `%#T' and `%#T'", 
          TREE_TYPE (arg1), TREE_TYPE (arg2));
  }
      break;
    default:
      break;
    }

  /* We need to strip any leading REF_BIND so that bitfields don't cause
     errors.  This should not remove any important conversions, because
     builtins don't apply to class objects directly.  */
  conv = TREE_VEC_ELT (cand->convs, 0);
  if (TREE_CODE (conv) == REF_BIND)
    conv = TREE_OPERAND (conv, 0);
  arg1 = convert_like (conv, arg1);
  if (arg2)
    {
      conv = TREE_VEC_ELT (cand->convs, 1);
      if (TREE_CODE (conv) == REF_BIND)
        conv = TREE_OPERAND (conv, 0);
      arg2 = convert_like (conv, arg2);
    }
  if (arg3)
    {
      conv = TREE_VEC_ELT (cand->convs, 2);
      if (TREE_CODE (conv) == REF_BIND)
        conv = TREE_OPERAND (conv, 0);
      arg3 = convert_like (conv, arg3);
    }

builtin:
  switch (code)
    {
    case MODIFY_EXPR:
      return build_modify_expr (arg1, code2, arg2);

    case INDIRECT_REF:
      return build_indirect_ref (arg1, "unary *");

    case PLUS_EXPR:
    case MINUS_EXPR:
    case MULT_EXPR:
    case TRUNC_DIV_EXPR:
    case GT_EXPR:
    case LT_EXPR:
    case GE_EXPR:
    case LE_EXPR:
    case EQ_EXPR:
    case NE_EXPR:
    case MAX_EXPR:
    case MIN_EXPR:
    case LSHIFT_EXPR:
    case RSHIFT_EXPR:
    case TRUNC_MOD_EXPR:
    case BIT_AND_EXPR:
    case BIT_IOR_EXPR:
    case BIT_XOR_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_ANDIF_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_ORIF_EXPR:
      return cp_build_binary_op (code, arg1, arg2);

    case CONVERT_EXPR:
    case NEGATE_EXPR:
    case BIT_NOT_EXPR:
    case TRUTH_NOT_EXPR:
    case PREINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTINCREMENT_EXPR:
    case PREDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case POSTDECREMENT_EXPR:
    case REALPART_EXPR:
    case IMAGPART_EXPR:
      return build_unary_op (code, arg1, candidates != 0);

    case ARRAY_REF:
      return build_array_ref (arg1, arg2);

    case COND_EXPR:
      return build_conditional_expr (arg1, arg2, arg3);

    case MEMBER_REF:
      return build_m_component_ref
  (build_indirect_ref (arg1, NULL), arg2);

      /* The caller will deal with these.  */
    case ADDR_EXPR:
    case COMPONENT_REF:
    case COMPOUND_EXPR:
      return NULL_TREE;

    default:
      abort ();
      return NULL_TREE;
    }
}

/* Build a call to operator delete.  This has to be handled very specially,
   because the restrictions on what signatures match are different from all
   other call instances.  For a normal delete, only a delete taking (void *)
   or (void *, size_t) is accepted.  For a placement delete, only an exact
   match with the placement new is accepted.

   CODE is either DELETE_EXPR or VEC_DELETE_EXPR.
   ADDR is the pointer to be deleted.
   SIZE is the size of the memory block to be deleted.
   FLAGS are the usual overloading flags.
   PLACEMENT is the corresponding placement new call, or NULL_TREE.  */

tree
build_op_delete_call (code, addr, size, flags, placement)
     enum tree_code code;
     tree addr, size, placement;
     int flags;
{
  tree fn = NULL_TREE;
  tree fns, fnname, fntype, argtypes, args, type;
  int pass;

  if (addr == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (addr));
  while (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    type = TREE_TYPE (type);

  fnname = ansi_opname (code);

  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (type) && ! (flags & LOOKUP_GLOBAL))
    /* In [class.free]

       If the result of the lookup is ambiguous or inaccessible, or if
       the lookup selects a placement deallocation function, the
       program is ill-formed.
  
       Therefore, we ask lookup_fnfields to complain ambout ambiguity.  */
    {
      fns = lookup_fnfields (TYPE_BINFO (type), fnname, 1);
      if (fns == error_mark_node)
  return error_mark_node;
    }
  else
    fns = NULL_TREE;

  if (fns == NULL_TREE)
    fns = lookup_name_nonclass (fnname);

  if (placement)
    {
      tree alloc_fn;
      tree call_expr;

      /* Find the allocation function that is being called.  */
      call_expr = placement;
      /* Sometimes we have a COMPOUND_EXPR, rather than a simple
   CALL_EXPR.  */
      while (TREE_CODE (call_expr) == COMPOUND_EXPR)
  call_expr = TREE_OPERAND (call_expr, 1);
      /* Extract the function.  */
      alloc_fn = get_callee_fndecl (call_expr);
      my_friendly_assert (alloc_fn != NULL_TREE, 20020327);
      /* Then the second parm type.  */
      argtypes = TREE_CHAIN (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (alloc_fn)));
      /* Also the second argument.  */
      args = TREE_CHAIN (TREE_OPERAND (call_expr, 1));
    }
  else
    {
      /* First try it without the size argument.  */
      argtypes = void_list_node;
      args = NULL_TREE;
    }

  /* Strip const and volatile from addr.  */
  addr = cp_convert (ptr_type_node, addr);

  /* We make two tries at finding a matching `operator delete'.  On
     the first pass, we look for an one-operator (or placement)
     operator delete.  If we're not doing placement delete, then on
     the second pass we look for a two-argument delete.  */
  for (pass = 0; pass < (placement ? 1 : 2); ++pass) 
    {
      if (pass == 0)
  argtypes = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node, argtypes);
      else 
  /* Normal delete; now try to find a match including the size
     argument.  */
  argtypes = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node,
            tree_cons (NULL_TREE, sizetype, 
           void_list_node));
      fntype = build_function_type (void_type_node, argtypes);

      /* Go through the `operator delete' functions looking for one
   with a matching type.  */
      for (fn = BASELINK_P (fns) ? BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fns) : fns; 
     fn; 
     fn = OVL_NEXT (fn))
  {
    tree t;

    /* Exception specifications on the `delete' operator do not
       matter.  */
    t = build_exception_variant (TREE_TYPE (OVL_CURRENT (fn)),
               NULL_TREE);
    /* We also don't compare attributes.  We're really just
       trying to check the types of the first two parameters.  */
    if (comptypes (t, fntype, COMPARE_NO_ATTRIBUTES))
      break;
  }

      /* If we found a match, we're done.  */
      if (fn)
  break;
    }

  /* If we have a matching function, call it.  */
  if (fn)
    {
      /* Make sure we have the actual function, and not an
   OVERLOAD.  */
      fn = OVL_CURRENT (fn);

      /* If the FN is a member function, make sure that it is
   accessible.  */
      if (DECL_CLASS_SCOPE_P (fn))
  enforce_access (type, fn);

      if (pass == 0)
  args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, addr, args);
      else
  args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, addr, 
        build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, size));

      return build_function_call (fn, args);
    }

  /* If we are doing placement delete we do nothing if we don't find a
     matching op delete.  */
  if (placement)
    return NULL_TREE;

  error ("no suitable `operator delete' for `%T'", type);
  return error_mark_node;
}

/* If the current scope isn't allowed to access DECL along
   BASETYPE_PATH, give an error.  The most derived class in
   BASETYPE_PATH is the one used to qualify DECL.  */

int
enforce_access (basetype_path, decl)
     tree basetype_path;
     tree decl;
{
  int accessible;

  accessible = accessible_p (basetype_path, decl);
  if (!accessible)
    {
      if (TREE_PRIVATE (decl))
  cp_error_at ("`%+#D' is private", decl);
      else if (TREE_PROTECTED (decl))
  cp_error_at ("`%+#D' is protected", decl);
      else
  cp_error_at ("`%+#D' is inaccessible", decl);
      error ("within this context");
      return 0;
    }

  return 1;
}

/* Perform the conversions in CONVS on the expression EXPR.  FN and
   ARGNUM are used for diagnostics.  ARGNUM is zero based, -1
   indicates the `this' argument of a method.  INNER is nonzero when
   being called to continue a conversion chain. It is negative when a
   reference binding will be applied, positive otherwise.  If
   ISSUE_CONVERSION_WARNINGS is true, warnings about suspicious
   conversions will be emitted if appropriate.  */

static tree
convert_like_real (tree convs, tree expr, tree fn, int argnum, int inner,
       bool issue_conversion_warnings)
{
  int savew, savee;

  tree totype = TREE_TYPE (convs);

  if (ICS_BAD_FLAG (convs)
      && TREE_CODE (convs) != USER_CONV
      && TREE_CODE (convs) != AMBIG_CONV
      && TREE_CODE (convs) != REF_BIND)
    {
      tree t = convs; 
      for (; t; t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))
  {
    if (TREE_CODE (t) == USER_CONV || !ICS_BAD_FLAG (t))
      {
        expr = convert_like_real (t, expr, fn, argnum, 1,
          /*issue_conversion_warnings=*/false);
        break;
      }
    else if (TREE_CODE (t) == AMBIG_CONV)
      return convert_like_real (t, expr, fn, argnum, 1,
              /*issue_conversion_warnings=*/false);
    else if (TREE_CODE (t) == IDENTITY_CONV)
      break;
  }
      pedwarn ("invalid conversion from `%T' to `%T'", TREE_TYPE (expr), totype);
      if (fn)
  pedwarn ("  initializing argument %P of `%D'", argnum, fn);
      return cp_convert (totype, expr);
    }
  
  if (issue_conversion_warnings)
    expr = dubious_conversion_warnings
             (totype, expr, "argument", fn, argnum);
  switch (TREE_CODE (convs))
    {
    case USER_CONV:
      {
  struct z_candidate *cand = USER_CONV_CAND (convs);
  tree convfn = cand->fn;
  tree args;

  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (convfn))
    {
      tree t = build_int_2 (0, 0);
      TREE_TYPE (t) = build_pointer_type (DECL_CONTEXT (convfn));

      args = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, expr);
      if (DECL_HAS_IN_CHARGE_PARM_P (convfn)
    || DECL_HAS_VTT_PARM_P (convfn))
        /* We should never try to call the abstract or base constructor
     from here.  */
        abort ();
      args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, t, args);
    }
  else
    args = build_this (expr);
  expr = build_over_call (cand, args, LOOKUP_NORMAL);

  /* If this is a constructor or a function returning an aggr type,
     we need to build up a TARGET_EXPR.  */
  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (convfn))
    expr = build_cplus_new (totype, expr);

  /* The result of the call is then used to direct-initialize the object
     that is the destination of the copy-initialization.  [dcl.init]

     Note that this step is not reflected in the conversion sequence;
     it affects the semantics when we actually perform the
     conversion, but is not considered during overload resolution.

     If the target is a class, that means call a ctor.  */
  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (totype)
      && (inner >= 0 || !lvalue_p (expr)))
    {
      savew = warningcount, savee = errorcount;
      expr = build_special_member_call
        (NULL_TREE, complete_ctor_identifier,
         build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, expr), TYPE_BINFO (totype),
         /* Core issue 84, now a DR, says that we don't allow UDCs
      for these args (which deliberately breaks copy-init of an
      auto_ptr<Base> from an auto_ptr<Derived>).  */
         LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING|LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION);

      /* Tell the user where this failing constructor call came from.  */
      if (fn)
        {
    if (warningcount > savew)
      warning
        ("  initializing argument %P of `%D' from result of `%D'",
         argnum, fn, convfn);
    else if (errorcount > savee)
      error
        ("  initializing argument %P of `%D' from result of `%D'",
         argnum, fn, convfn);
        }
      else
        {
    if (warningcount > savew)
      warning ("  initializing temporary from result of `%D'",
            convfn);
    else if (errorcount > savee)
      error ("  initializing temporary from result of `%D'",
          convfn);
        }
      expr = build_cplus_new (totype, expr);
    }
  return expr;
      }
    case IDENTITY_CONV:
      if (type_unknown_p (expr))
  expr = instantiate_type (totype, expr, tf_error | tf_warning);
      return expr;
    case AMBIG_CONV:
      /* Call build_user_type_conversion again for the error.  */
      return build_user_type_conversion
  (totype, TREE_OPERAND (convs, 0), LOOKUP_NORMAL);

    default:
      break;
    };

  expr = convert_like_real (TREE_OPERAND (convs, 0), expr, fn, argnum,
                            TREE_CODE (convs) == REF_BIND ? -1 : 1,
          /*issue_conversion_warnings=*/false);
  if (expr == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  /* Convert a non-array constant variable to its underlying value, unless we
     are about to bind it to a reference, in which case we need to
     leave it as an lvalue.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (convs) != REF_BIND
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (expr)) != ARRAY_TYPE)
    expr = decl_constant_value (expr);

  switch (TREE_CODE (convs))
    {
    case RVALUE_CONV:
      if (! IS_AGGR_TYPE (totype))
  return expr;
      /* else fall through */
    case BASE_CONV:
      if (TREE_CODE (convs) == BASE_CONV && !NEED_TEMPORARY_P (convs))
  {
    /* We are going to bind a reference directly to a base-class
       subobject of EXPR.  */
    tree base_ptr = build_pointer_type (totype);

    /* Build an expression for `*((base*) &expr)'.  */
    expr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, expr, 0);
    expr = perform_implicit_conversion (base_ptr, expr);
    expr = build_indirect_ref (expr, "implicit conversion");
    return expr;
  }

      /* Copy-initialization where the cv-unqualified version of the source
   type is the same class as, or a derived class of, the class of the
   destination [is treated as direct-initialization].  [dcl.init] */
      savew = warningcount, savee = errorcount;
      expr = build_special_member_call (NULL_TREE, complete_ctor_identifier,
          build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, expr),
          TYPE_BINFO (totype),
          LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING);
      if (fn)
  {
    if (warningcount > savew)
      warning ("  initializing argument %P of `%D'", argnum, fn);
    else if (errorcount > savee)
      error ("  initializing argument %P of `%D'", argnum, fn);
  }
      return build_cplus_new (totype, expr);

    case REF_BIND:
      {
  tree ref_type = totype;

  /* If necessary, create a temporary.  */
  if (NEED_TEMPORARY_P (convs) || !non_cast_lvalue_p (expr))
    {
      tree type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (convs, 0));
      expr = build_target_expr_with_type (expr, type);
    }

  /* Take the address of the thing to which we will bind the
     reference.  */
  expr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, expr, 1);
  if (expr == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  /* Convert it to a pointer to the type referred to by the
     reference.  This will adjust the pointer if a derived to
     base conversion is being performed.  */
  expr = cp_convert (build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (ref_type)), 
         expr);
  /* Convert the pointer to the desired reference type.  */
  return build_nop (ref_type, expr);
      }

    case LVALUE_CONV:
      return decay_conversion (expr);

    case QUAL_CONV:
      /* Warn about deprecated conversion if appropriate.  */
      string_conv_p (totype, expr, 1);
      break;
      
    default:
      break;
    }
  return ocp_convert (totype, expr, CONV_IMPLICIT,
          LOOKUP_NORMAL|LOOKUP_NO_CONVERSION);
}

/* Build a call to __builtin_trap which can be used in an expression.  */

static tree
call_builtin_trap ()
{
  tree fn = get_identifier ("__builtin_trap");
  if (IDENTIFIER_GLOBAL_VALUE (fn))
    fn = IDENTIFIER_GLOBAL_VALUE (fn);
  else
    abort ();

  fn = build_call (fn, NULL_TREE);
  fn = build (COMPOUND_EXPR, integer_type_node, fn, integer_zero_node);
  return fn;
}

/* ARG is being passed to a varargs function.  Perform any conversions
   required.  Array/function to pointer decay must have already happened.
   Return the converted value.  */

tree
convert_arg_to_ellipsis (arg)
     tree arg;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == REAL_TYPE
      && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg))
    < TYPE_PRECISION (double_type_node)))
    /* Convert `float' to `double'.  */
    arg = cp_convert (double_type_node, arg);
  else
    /* Convert `short' and `char' to full-size `int'.  */
    arg = default_conversion (arg);

  arg = require_complete_type (arg);
  
  if (arg != error_mark_node && ! pod_type_p (TREE_TYPE (arg)))
    {
      /* Undefined behavior [expr.call] 5.2.2/7.  We used to just warn
   here and do a bitwise copy, but now cp_expr_size will abort if we
   try to do that.  */
      warning ("cannot pass objects of non-POD type `%#T' through `...'; \
call will abort at runtime",
         TREE_TYPE (arg));
      arg = call_builtin_trap ();
    }

  return arg;
}

/* va_arg (EXPR, TYPE) is a builtin. Make sure it is not abused.  */

tree
build_x_va_arg (expr, type)
     tree expr;
     tree type;
{
  if (processing_template_decl)
    return build_min (VA_ARG_EXPR, type, expr);
  
  type = complete_type_or_else (type, NULL_TREE);

  if (expr == error_mark_node || !type)
    return error_mark_node;
  
  if (! pod_type_p (type))
    {
      /* Undefined behavior [expr.call] 5.2.2/7.  */
      warning ("cannot receive objects of non-POD type `%#T' through `...'",
      type);
    }
  
  return build_va_arg (expr, type);
}

/* TYPE has been given to va_arg.  Apply the default conversions which
   would have happened when passed via ellipsis.  Return the promoted
   type, or the passed type if there is no change.  */

tree
cxx_type_promotes_to (type)
     tree type;
{
  tree promote;

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
    return build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (type));

  if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
    return build_pointer_type (type);

  promote = type_promotes_to (type);
  if (same_type_p (type, promote))
    promote = type;
  
  return promote;
}

/* ARG is a default argument expression being passed to a parameter of
   the indicated TYPE, which is a parameter to FN.  Do any required
   conversions.  Return the converted value.  */

tree
convert_default_arg (type, arg, fn, parmnum)
     tree type;
     tree arg;
     tree fn;
     int parmnum;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (arg) == DEFAULT_ARG)
    {
      /* When processing the default args for a class, we can find that
         there is an ordering constraint, and we call a function who's
         default args have not yet been converted. For instance,
          class A {
              A (int = 0);
              void Foo (A const & = A ());
          };
         We must process A::A before A::Foo's default arg can be converted.
         Remember the dependent function, so do_pending_defargs can retry,
         and check loops.  */
      unprocessed_defarg_fn (fn);
      
      /* Don't return error_mark node, as we won't be able to distinguish
         genuine errors from this case, and that would lead to repeated
         diagnostics.  Just make something of the right type.  */
      return build1 (NOP_EXPR, type, integer_zero_node);
    }

  if (fn && DECL_TEMPLATE_INFO (fn))
    arg = tsubst_default_argument (fn, type, arg);

  arg = break_out_target_exprs (arg);

  if (TREE_CODE (arg) == CONSTRUCTOR)
    {
      arg = digest_init (type, arg, 0);
      arg = convert_for_initialization (0, type, arg, LOOKUP_NORMAL,
          "default argument", fn, parmnum);
    }
  else
    {
      /* This could get clobbered by the following call.  */
      if (TREE_HAS_CONSTRUCTOR (arg))
  arg = copy_node (arg);

      arg = convert_for_initialization (0, type, arg, LOOKUP_NORMAL,
          "default argument", fn, parmnum);
      arg = convert_for_arg_passing (type, arg);
    }

  return arg;
}

/* Returns the type which will really be used for passing an argument of
   type TYPE.  */

tree
type_passed_as (type)
     tree type;
{
  /* Pass classes with copy ctors by invisible reference.  */
  if (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type))
    type = build_reference_type (type);
  else if (PROMOTE_PROTOTYPES
     && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
     && TYPE_PRECISION (type) < TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))
    type = integer_type_node;

  return type;
}

/* Actually perform the appropriate conversion.  */

tree
convert_for_arg_passing (type, val)
     tree type, val;
{
  if (val == error_mark_node)
    ;
  /* Pass classes with copy ctors by invisible reference.  */
  else if (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type))
    val = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_reference_type (type), val);
  else if (PROMOTE_PROTOTYPES
     && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
     && TYPE_PRECISION (type) < TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))
    val = default_conversion (val);
  return val;
}

/* Subroutine of the various build_*_call functions.  Overload resolution
   has chosen a winning candidate CAND; build up a CALL_EXPR accordingly.
   ARGS is a TREE_LIST of the unconverted arguments to the call.  FLAGS is a
   bitmask of various LOOKUP_* flags which apply to the call itself.  */

static tree
build_over_call (cand, args, flags)
     struct z_candidate *cand;
     tree args;
     int flags;
{
  tree fn = cand->fn;
  tree convs = cand->convs;
  tree converted_args = NULL_TREE;
  tree parm = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fn));
  tree conv, arg, val;
  int i = 0;
  int is_method = 0;

  /* Give any warnings we noticed during overload resolution.  */
  if (cand->warnings)
    for (val = cand->warnings; val; val = TREE_CHAIN (val))
      joust (cand, WRAPPER_ZC (TREE_VALUE (val)), 1);

  if (DECL_FUNCTION_MEMBER_P (fn))
    enforce_access (cand->access_path, fn);

  if (args && TREE_CODE (args) != TREE_LIST)
    args = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, args);
  arg = args;

  /* The implicit parameters to a constructor are not considered by overload
     resolution, and must be of the proper type.  */
  if (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn))
    {
      converted_args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, TREE_VALUE (arg), converted_args);
      arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg);
      parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm);
      if (DECL_HAS_IN_CHARGE_PARM_P (fn))
  /* We should never try to call the abstract constructor.  */
  abort ();
      if (DECL_HAS_VTT_PARM_P (fn))
  {
    converted_args = tree_cons
      (NULL_TREE, TREE_VALUE (arg), converted_args);
    arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg);
    parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm);
  }
    }      
  /* Bypass access control for 'this' parameter.  */
  else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (fn)) == METHOD_TYPE)
    {
      tree parmtype = TREE_VALUE (parm);
      tree argtype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_VALUE (arg));
      tree converted_arg;
      tree base_binfo;
      
      if (ICS_BAD_FLAG (TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, i)))
  pedwarn ("passing `%T' as `this' argument of `%#D' discards qualifiers",
        TREE_TYPE (argtype), fn);

      /* [class.mfct.nonstatic]: If a nonstatic member function of a class
   X is called for an object that is not of type X, or of a type
   derived from X, the behavior is undefined.

         So we can assume that anything passed as 'this' is non-null, and
   optimize accordingly.  */
      my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (parmtype) == POINTER_TYPE, 19990811);
      /* Convert to the base in which the function was declared.  */
      my_friendly_assert (cand->conversion_path != NULL_TREE, 20020730);
      converted_arg = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR,
               TREE_VALUE (arg),
               cand->conversion_path,
               1);
      /* Check that the base class is accessible.  */
      if (!accessible_base_p (TREE_TYPE (argtype), 
            BINFO_TYPE (cand->conversion_path)))
  error ("`%T' is not an accessible base of `%T'",
         BINFO_TYPE (cand->conversion_path),
         TREE_TYPE (argtype));
      /* If fn was found by a using declaration, the conversion path
         will be to the derived class, not the base declaring fn. We
         must convert from derived to base.  */
      base_binfo = lookup_base (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (converted_arg)),
        TREE_TYPE (parmtype), ba_ignore, NULL);
      converted_arg = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, converted_arg,
               base_binfo, 1);
      
      converted_args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, converted_arg, converted_args);
      parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm);
      arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg);
      ++i;
      is_method = 1;
    }

  for (; arg && parm;
       parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm), arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg), ++i)
    {
      tree type = TREE_VALUE (parm);

      conv = TREE_VEC_ELT (convs, i);
      val = convert_like_with_context
  (conv, TREE_VALUE (arg), fn, i - is_method);

      val = convert_for_arg_passing (type, val);
      converted_args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, val, converted_args);
    }

  /* Default arguments */
  for (; parm && parm != void_list_node; parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm), i++)
    converted_args 
      = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, 
       convert_default_arg (TREE_VALUE (parm), 
          TREE_PURPOSE (parm),
          fn, i - is_method),
       converted_args);

  /* Ellipsis */
  for (; arg; arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg))
    converted_args 
      = tree_cons (NULL_TREE,
       convert_arg_to_ellipsis (TREE_VALUE (arg)),
       converted_args);

  converted_args = nreverse (converted_args);

  if (warn_format)
    check_function_format (NULL, TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (TREE_TYPE (fn)),
         converted_args);

  /* Avoid actually calling copy constructors and copy assignment operators,
     if possible.  */

  if (! flag_elide_constructors)
    /* Do things the hard way.  */;
  else if (TREE_VEC_LENGTH (convs) == 1
     && DECL_COPY_CONSTRUCTOR_P (fn))
    {
      tree targ;
      arg = skip_artificial_parms_for (fn, converted_args);
      arg = TREE_VALUE (arg);

      /* Pull out the real argument, disregarding const-correctness.  */
      targ = arg;
      while (TREE_CODE (targ) == NOP_EXPR
       || TREE_CODE (targ) == NON_LVALUE_EXPR
       || TREE_CODE (targ) == CONVERT_EXPR)
  targ = TREE_OPERAND (targ, 0);
      if (TREE_CODE (targ) == ADDR_EXPR)
  {
    targ = TREE_OPERAND (targ, 0);
    if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p 
        (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (arg)), TREE_TYPE (targ)))
      targ = NULL_TREE;
  }
      else
  targ = NULL_TREE;

      if (targ)
  arg = targ;
      else
  arg = build_indirect_ref (arg, 0);

      /* [class.copy]: the copy constructor is implicitly defined even if
   the implementation elided its use.  */
      if (TYPE_HAS_COMPLEX_INIT_REF (DECL_CONTEXT (fn)))
  mark_used (fn);

      /* If we're creating a temp and we already have one, don't create a
         new one.  If we're not creating a temp but we get one, use
         INIT_EXPR to collapse the temp into our target.  Otherwise, if the
         ctor is trivial, do a bitwise copy with a simple TARGET_EXPR for a
         temp or an INIT_EXPR otherwise.  */
      if (integer_zerop (TREE_VALUE (args)))
  {
    if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TARGET_EXPR)
      return arg;
    else if (TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_INIT_REF (DECL_CONTEXT (fn)))
      return build_target_expr_with_type (arg, DECL_CONTEXT (fn));
  }
      else if (TREE_CODE (arg) == TARGET_EXPR
         || TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_INIT_REF (DECL_CONTEXT (fn)))
  {
    tree address;
    tree to = stabilize_reference
      (build_indirect_ref (TREE_VALUE (args), 0));

    val = build (INIT_EXPR, DECL_CONTEXT (fn), to, arg);
    address = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, val, 0);
    /* Avoid a warning about this expression, if the address is
       never used.  */
    TREE_USED (address) = 1;
    return address;
  }
    }
  else if (DECL_OVERLOADED_OPERATOR_P (fn) == NOP_EXPR
     && copy_fn_p (fn)
     && TYPE_HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN_REF (DECL_CONTEXT (fn)))
    {
      tree to = stabilize_reference
  (build_indirect_ref (TREE_VALUE (converted_args), 0));

      arg = build_indirect_ref (TREE_VALUE (TREE_CHAIN (converted_args)), 0);
      val = build (MODIFY_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (to), to, arg);
      return val;
    }

  mark_used (fn);

  if (DECL_VINDEX (fn) && (flags & LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL) == 0)
    {
      tree t, *p = &TREE_VALUE (converted_args);
      tree binfo = lookup_base (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (*p)),
        DECL_CONTEXT (fn),
        ba_any, NULL);
      my_friendly_assert (binfo && binfo != error_mark_node, 20010730);
      
      *p = build_base_path (PLUS_EXPR, *p, binfo, 1);
      if (TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (*p))
  *p = save_expr (*p);
      t = build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (fn));
      if (DECL_CONTEXT (fn) && TYPE_JAVA_INTERFACE (DECL_CONTEXT (fn)))
  fn = build_java_interface_fn_ref (fn, *p);
      else
  fn = build_vfn_ref (build_indirect_ref (*p, 0), DECL_VINDEX (fn));
      TREE_TYPE (fn) = t;
    }
  else if (DECL_INLINE (fn))
    fn = inline_conversion (fn);
  else
    fn = build_addr_func (fn);

  return build_cxx_call (fn, args, converted_args);
}

/* Build and return a call to FN, using the the CONVERTED_ARGS.  ARGS
   gives the original form of the arguments.  This function performs
   no overload resolution, conversion, or other high-level
   operations.  */

tree
build_cxx_call(tree fn, tree args, tree converted_args)
{
  tree fndecl;

  /* Recognize certain built-in functions so we can make tree-codes
     other than CALL_EXPR.  We do this when it enables fold-const.c
     to do something useful.  */
  if (TREE_CODE (fn) == ADDR_EXPR
      && TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (fn, 0)) == FUNCTION_DECL
      && DECL_BUILT_IN (TREE_OPERAND (fn, 0)))
    {
      tree exp;
      exp = expand_tree_builtin (TREE_OPERAND (fn, 0), args, converted_args);
      if (exp)
  return exp;
    }

  fn = build_call (fn, converted_args);

  /* If this call might throw an exception, note that fact.  */
  fndecl = get_callee_fndecl (fn);
  if ((!fndecl || !TREE_NOTHROW (fndecl)) 
      && at_function_scope_p ()
      && cfun)
    cp_function_chain->can_throw = 1;

  /* Some built-in function calls will be evaluated at compile-time in
     fold ().  */
  fn = fold (fn);

  if (VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (fn)))
    return fn;

  fn = require_complete_type (fn);
  if (fn == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  if (IS_AGGR_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fn)))
    fn = build_cplus_new (TREE_TYPE (fn), fn);
  return convert_from_reference (fn);
}

static GTY(()) tree java_iface_lookup_fn;

/* Make an expression which yields the address of the Java interface
   method FN.  This is achieved by generating a call to libjava's
   _Jv_LookupInterfaceMethodIdx().  */

static tree
build_java_interface_fn_ref (fn, instance)
    tree fn, instance;
{
  tree lookup_args, lookup_fn, method, idx;
  tree klass_ref, iface, iface_ref;
  int i;
  
  if (!java_iface_lookup_fn)
    {
      tree endlink = build_void_list_node ();
      tree t = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node,
        tree_cons (NULL_TREE, ptr_type_node,
             tree_cons (NULL_TREE, java_int_type_node,
            endlink)));
      java_iface_lookup_fn 
  = builtin_function ("_Jv_LookupInterfaceMethodIdx",
          build_function_type (ptr_type_node, t),
          0, NOT_BUILT_IN, NULL, NULL_TREE);
    }

  /* Look up the pointer to the runtime java.lang.Class object for `instance'. 
     This is the first entry in the vtable.  */
  klass_ref = build_vtbl_ref (build_indirect_ref (instance, 0), 
            integer_zero_node);

  /* Get the java.lang.Class pointer for the interface being called.  */
  iface = DECL_CONTEXT (fn);
  iface_ref = lookup_field (iface, get_identifier ("class$"), 0, 0);
  if (!iface_ref || TREE_CODE (iface_ref) != VAR_DECL
      || DECL_CONTEXT (iface_ref) != iface)
    {
      error ("could not find class$ field in java interface type `%T'", 
    iface);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  iface_ref = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (iface), iface_ref);
  
  /* Determine the itable index of FN.  */
  i = 1;
  for (method = TYPE_METHODS (iface); method; method = TREE_CHAIN (method))
    {
      if (!DECL_VIRTUAL_P (method))
        continue;
      if (fn == method)
        break;
      i++;
    }
  idx = build_int_2 (i, 0);

  lookup_args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, klass_ref, 
         tree_cons (NULL_TREE, iface_ref,
              build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, idx)));
  lookup_fn = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, 
          build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (java_iface_lookup_fn)),
          java_iface_lookup_fn);
  return build (CALL_EXPR, ptr_type_node, lookup_fn, lookup_args, NULL_TREE);
}

/* Returns the value to use for the in-charge parameter when making a
   call to a function with the indicated NAME.  */

tree
in_charge_arg_for_name (name)
     tree name;
{
  if (name == base_ctor_identifier
      || name == base_dtor_identifier)
    return integer_zero_node;
  else if (name == complete_ctor_identifier)
    return integer_one_node;
  else if (name == complete_dtor_identifier)
    return integer_two_node;
  else if (name == deleting_dtor_identifier)
    return integer_three_node;

  /* This function should only be called with one of the names listed
     above.  */
  abort ();
  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* Build a call to a constructor, destructor, or an assignment
   operator for INSTANCE, an expression with class type.  NAME
   indicates the special member function to call; ARGS are the
   arguments.  BINFO indicates the base of INSTANCE that is to be
   passed as the `this' parameter to the member function called.

   FLAGS are the LOOKUP_* flags to use when processing the call.

   If NAME indicates a complete object constructor, INSTANCE may be
   NULL_TREE.  In this case, the caller will call build_cplus_new to
   store the newly constructed object into a VAR_DECL.  */

tree
build_special_member_call (tree instance, tree name, tree args, 
         tree binfo, int flags)
{
  tree fns;
  /* The type of the subobject to be constructed or destroyed.  */
  tree class_type;

  my_friendly_assert (name == complete_ctor_identifier
          || name == base_ctor_identifier
          || name == complete_dtor_identifier
          || name == base_dtor_identifier
          || name == deleting_dtor_identifier
          || name == ansi_assopname (NOP_EXPR),
          20020712);
  my_friendly_assert (binfo != NULL_TREE, 20020712);

  class_type = BINFO_TYPE (binfo);

  /* Handle the special case where INSTANCE is NULL_TREE.  */
  if (name == complete_ctor_identifier && !instance)
    {
      instance = build_int_2 (0, 0);
      TREE_TYPE (instance) = build_pointer_type (class_type);
      instance = build1 (INDIRECT_REF, class_type, instance);
    }
  else
    {
      if (name == complete_dtor_identifier 
    || name == base_dtor_identifier
    || name == deleting_dtor_identifier)
  my_friendly_assert (args == NULL_TREE, 20020712);

      /* We must perform the conversion here so that we do not
   subsequently check to see whether BINFO is an accessible
   base.  (It is OK for a constructor to call a constructor in
   an inaccessible base as long as the constructor being called
   is accessible.)  */
      if (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p 
    (TREE_TYPE (instance), BINFO_TYPE (binfo)))
  instance = convert_to_base_statically (instance, binfo);
    }
  
  my_friendly_assert (instance != NULL_TREE, 20020712);

  /* Resolve the name.  */
  if (!complete_type_or_else (BINFO_TYPE (binfo), NULL_TREE))
    return error_mark_node;

  fns = lookup_fnfields (binfo, name, 1);
    
  /* When making a call to a constructor or destructor for a subobject
     that uses virtual base classes, pass down a pointer to a VTT for
     the subobject.  */
  if ((name == base_ctor_identifier
       || name == base_dtor_identifier)
      && TYPE_USES_VIRTUAL_BASECLASSES (class_type))
    {
      tree vtt;
      tree sub_vtt;

      /* If the current function is a complete object constructor
   or destructor, then we fetch the VTT directly.
   Otherwise, we look it up using the VTT we were given.  */
      vtt = TREE_CHAIN (CLASSTYPE_VTABLES (current_class_type));
      vtt = decay_conversion (vtt);
      vtt = build (COND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (vtt),
       build (EQ_EXPR, boolean_type_node,
        current_in_charge_parm, integer_zero_node),
       current_vtt_parm,
       vtt);
      if (TREE_VIA_VIRTUAL (binfo))
  binfo = binfo_for_vbase (class_type, current_class_type);
      my_friendly_assert (BINFO_SUBVTT_INDEX (binfo), 20010110);
      sub_vtt = build (PLUS_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (vtt), vtt,
           BINFO_SUBVTT_INDEX (binfo));

      args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, sub_vtt, args);
    }

  return build_new_method_call (instance, fns, args, 
        TYPE_BINFO (BINFO_TYPE (binfo)), 
        flags);
}

/* Build a call to "INSTANCE.FN (ARGS)".  */

tree
build_new_method_call (tree instance, tree fns, tree args, 
           tree conversion_path, int flags)
{
  struct z_candidate *candidates = 0, *cand;
  tree explicit_targs = NULL_TREE;
  tree basetype = NULL_TREE;
  tree access_binfo;
  tree optype;
  tree mem_args = NULL_TREE, instance_ptr;
  tree name, pretty_name;
  tree user_args;
  tree call;
  int template_only = 0;

  my_friendly_assert (instance != NULL_TREE, 20020729);

  if (instance == error_mark_node || fns == error_mark_node 
      || args == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  /* Process the argument list.  */
  user_args = args;
  args = resolve_args (args);
  if (args == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;

  if (TREE_CODE (instance) == OFFSET_REF)
    instance = resolve_offset_ref (instance);
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (instance)) == REFERENCE_TYPE)
    instance = convert_from_reference (instance);
  basetype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (instance));
  instance_ptr = build_this (instance);

  if (!BASELINK_P (fns))
    {
      call = build_field_call (instance_ptr, fns, args);
      if (call)
  return call;
      error ("call to non-function `%D'", fns);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (!conversion_path)
    conversion_path = BASELINK_BINFO (fns);
  access_binfo = BASELINK_ACCESS_BINFO (fns);
  optype = BASELINK_OPTYPE (fns);
  fns = BASELINK_FUNCTIONS (fns);

  if (TREE_CODE (fns) == TEMPLATE_ID_EXPR)
    {
      explicit_targs = TREE_OPERAND (fns, 1);
      fns = TREE_OPERAND (fns, 0);
      template_only = 1;
    }

  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (fns) == FUNCTION_DECL
          || TREE_CODE (fns) == TEMPLATE_DECL
          || TREE_CODE (fns) == OVERLOAD,
          20020712);

  /* XXX this should be handled before we get here.  */
  if (! IS_AGGR_TYPE (basetype))
    {
      if ((flags & LOOKUP_COMPLAIN) && basetype != error_mark_node)
  error ("request for member `%D' in `%E', which is of non-aggregate type `%T'",
         fns, instance, basetype);

      return error_mark_node;
    }

  name = DECL_NAME (get_first_fn (fns));

  if (IDENTIFIER_CTOR_OR_DTOR_P (name))
    {
      /* Callers should explicitly indicate whether they want to construct
   the complete object or just the part without virtual bases.  */
      my_friendly_assert (name != ctor_identifier, 20000408);
      /* Similarly for destructors.  */
      my_friendly_assert (name != dtor_identifier, 20000408);
      
      if (name == complete_ctor_identifier
    || name == base_ctor_identifier)
  pretty_name = constructor_name (basetype);
      else
  pretty_name = dtor_identifier;
    }
  else
    pretty_name = name;

  if (fns)
    {
      tree fn;
      tree class_type = (conversion_path 
       ? BINFO_TYPE (conversion_path)
       : NULL_TREE);

      mem_args = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, instance_ptr, args);
      for (fn = fns; fn; fn = OVL_NEXT (fn))
  {
    tree t = OVL_CURRENT (fn);
    tree this_arglist;

    /* We can end up here for copy-init of same or base class.  */
    if ((flags & LOOKUP_ONLYCONVERTING)
        && DECL_NONCONVERTING_P (t))
      continue;

    if (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (t))
      this_arglist = mem_args;
    else
      this_arglist = args;

    if (TREE_CODE (t) == TEMPLATE_DECL)
      /* A member template.  */
      add_template_candidate (&candidates, t, 
            class_type,
            explicit_targs,
            this_arglist, optype,
            access_binfo, 
            conversion_path,
            flags,
            DEDUCE_CALL);
    else if (! template_only)
      add_function_candidate (&candidates, t, 
            class_type,
            this_arglist,
            access_binfo,
            conversion_path,
            flags);
  }
    }

  if (! any_viable (candidates))
    {
      /* XXX will LOOKUP_SPECULATIVELY be needed when this is done?  */
      if (flags & LOOKUP_SPECULATIVELY)
  return NULL_TREE;
      if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (basetype))
  cxx_incomplete_type_error (instance_ptr, basetype);
      else
  error ("no matching function for call to `%T::%D(%A)%#V'",
         basetype, pretty_name, user_args,
         TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (instance_ptr)));
      print_z_candidates (candidates);
      return error_mark_node;
    }
  candidates = splice_viable (candidates);
  cand = tourney (candidates);

  if (cand == 0)
    {
      error ("call of overloaded `%D(%A)' is ambiguous", pretty_name,
    user_args);
      print_z_candidates (candidates);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (DECL_PURE_VIRTUAL_P (cand->fn)
      && instance == current_class_ref
      && (DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (current_function_decl)
    || DECL_DESTRUCTOR_P (current_function_decl))
      && ! (flags & LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL)
      && value_member (cand->fn, CLASSTYPE_PURE_VIRTUALS (basetype)))
    error ((DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (current_function_decl) ? 
         "abstract virtual `%#D' called from constructor"
         : "abstract virtual `%#D' called from destructor"),
        cand->fn);
  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (cand->fn)) == METHOD_TYPE
      && is_dummy_object (instance_ptr))
    {
      error ("cannot call member function `%D' without object", cand->fn);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  if (DECL_VINDEX (cand->fn) && ! (flags & LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL)
      && resolves_to_fixed_type_p (instance, 0))
    flags |= LOOKUP_NONVIRTUAL;

  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (cand->fn)) == METHOD_TYPE)
    call = build_over_call (cand, mem_args, flags);
  else
    {
      call = build_over_call (cand, args, flags);
      /* In an expression of the form `a->f()' where `f' turns out to
   be a static member function, `a' is none-the-less evaluated.  */
      if (instance && TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (instance))
  call = build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (call), instance, call);
    }

  return call;
}

/* Returns nonzero iff standard conversion sequence ICS1 is a proper
   subsequence of ICS2.  */

static int
is_subseq (ics1, ics2)
     tree ics1, ics2;
{
  /* We can assume that a conversion of the same code
     between the same types indicates a subsequence since we only get
     here if the types we are converting from are the same.  */

  while (TREE_CODE (ics1) == RVALUE_CONV
   || TREE_CODE (ics1) == LVALUE_CONV)
    ics1 = TREE_OPERAND (ics1, 0);

  while (1)
    {
      while (TREE_CODE (ics2) == RVALUE_CONV
    || TREE_CODE (ics2) == LVALUE_CONV)
  ics2 = TREE_OPERAND (ics2, 0);

      if (TREE_CODE (ics2) == USER_CONV
    || TREE_CODE (ics2) == AMBIG_CONV
    || TREE_CODE (ics2) == IDENTITY_CONV)
  /* At this point, ICS1 cannot be a proper subsequence of
     ICS2.  We can get a USER_CONV when we are comparing the
     second standard conversion sequence of two user conversion
     sequences.  */
  return 0;

      ics2 = TREE_OPERAND (ics2, 0);

      if (TREE_CODE (ics2) == TREE_CODE (ics1)
    && same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (ics2), TREE_TYPE (ics1))
    && same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (ics2, 0)),
           TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (ics1, 0))))
  return 1;
    }
}

/* Returns nonzero iff DERIVED is derived from BASE.  The inputs may
   be any _TYPE nodes.  */

int
is_properly_derived_from (derived, base)
     tree derived;
     tree base;
{
  if (!IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (derived))
      || !IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (base)))
    return 0;

  /* We only allow proper derivation here.  The DERIVED_FROM_P macro
     considers every class derived from itself.  */
  return (!same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (derived, base)
    && DERIVED_FROM_P (base, derived));
}

/* We build the ICS for an implicit object parameter as a pointer
   conversion sequence.  However, such a sequence should be compared
   as if it were a reference conversion sequence.  If ICS is the
   implicit conversion sequence for an implicit object parameter,
   modify it accordingly.  */

static void
maybe_handle_implicit_object (ics)
     tree* ics;
{
  if (ICS_THIS_FLAG (*ics))
    {
      /* [over.match.funcs]
   
   For non-static member functions, the type of the
   implicit object parameter is "reference to cv X"
   where X is the class of which the function is a
   member and cv is the cv-qualification on the member
   function declaration.  */
      tree t = *ics;
      tree reference_type;

      /* The `this' parameter is a pointer to a class type.  Make the
   implict conversion talk about a reference to that same class
   type.  */
      reference_type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (*ics));
      reference_type = build_reference_type (reference_type);

      if (TREE_CODE (t) == QUAL_CONV)
  t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
      if (TREE_CODE (t) == PTR_CONV)
  t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
      t = build1 (IDENTITY_CONV, TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (t)), NULL_TREE);
      t = direct_reference_binding (reference_type, t); 
      *ics = t;
    }
}

/* If *ICS is a REF_BIND set *ICS to the remainder of the conversion,
   and return the type to which the reference refers.  Otherwise,
   leave *ICS unchanged and return NULL_TREE.  */

static tree
maybe_handle_ref_bind (ics)
     tree* ics;
{
  if (TREE_CODE (*ics) == REF_BIND)
    {
      tree old_ics = *ics;
      tree type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (old_ics));
      *ics = TREE_OPERAND (old_ics, 0);
      ICS_USER_FLAG (*ics) = ICS_USER_FLAG (old_ics);
      ICS_BAD_FLAG (*ics) = ICS_BAD_FLAG (old_ics);
      return type;
    }

  return NULL_TREE;
}

/* Compare two implicit conversion sequences according to the rules set out in
   [over.ics.rank].  Return values:

      1: ics1 is better than ics2
     -1: ics2 is better than ics1
      0: ics1 and ics2 are indistinguishable */

static int
compare_ics (ics1, ics2)
     tree ics1, ics2;
{
  tree from_type1;
  tree from_type2;
  tree to_type1;
  tree to_type2;
  tree deref_from_type1 = NULL_TREE;
  tree deref_from_type2 = NULL_TREE;
  tree deref_to_type1 = NULL_TREE;
  tree deref_to_type2 = NULL_TREE;
  int rank1, rank2;

  /* REF_BINDING is nonzero if the result of the conversion sequence
     is a reference type.   In that case TARGET_TYPE is the
     type referred to by the reference.  */
  tree target_type1;
  tree target_type2;

  /* Handle implicit object parameters.  */
  maybe_handle_implicit_object (&ics1);
  maybe_handle_implicit_object (&ics2);

  /* Handle reference parameters.  */
  target_type1 = maybe_handle_ref_bind (&ics1);
  target_type2 = maybe_handle_ref_bind (&ics2);

  /* [over.ics.rank]

     When  comparing  the  basic forms of implicit conversion sequences (as
     defined in _over.best.ics_)

     --a standard conversion sequence (_over.ics.scs_) is a better
       conversion sequence than a user-defined conversion sequence
       or an ellipsis conversion sequence, and
     
     --a user-defined conversion sequence (_over.ics.user_) is a
       better conversion sequence than an ellipsis conversion sequence
       (_over.ics.ellipsis_).  */
  rank1 = ICS_RANK (ics1);
  rank2 = ICS_RANK (ics2);
  
  if (rank1 > rank2)
    return -1;
  else if (rank1 < rank2)
    return 1;

  if (rank1 == BAD_RANK)
    {
      /* XXX Isn't this an extension? */
      /* Both ICS are bad.  We try to make a decision based on what
   would have happenned if they'd been good.  */
      if (ICS_USER_FLAG (ics1) > ICS_USER_FLAG (ics2)
    || ICS_STD_RANK (ics1) > ICS_STD_RANK (ics2))
  return -1;
      else if (ICS_USER_FLAG (ics1) < ICS_USER_FLAG (ics2)
         || ICS_STD_RANK (ics1) < ICS_STD_RANK (ics2))
  return 1;

      /* We couldn't make up our minds; try to figure it out below.  */
    }

  if (ICS_ELLIPSIS_FLAG (ics1))
    /* Both conversions are ellipsis conversions.  */
    return 0;

  /* User-defined  conversion sequence U1 is a better conversion sequence
     than another user-defined conversion sequence U2 if they contain the
     same user-defined conversion operator or constructor and if the sec-
     ond standard conversion sequence of U1 is  better  than  the  second
     standard conversion sequence of U2.  */

  if (ICS_USER_FLAG (ics1))
    {
      tree t1, t2;

      for (t1 = ics1; TREE_CODE (t1) != USER_CONV; t1 = TREE_OPERAND (t1, 0))
  if (TREE_CODE (t1) == AMBIG_CONV)
    return 0;
      for (t2 = ics2; TREE_CODE (t2) != USER_CONV; t2 = TREE_OPERAND (t2, 0))
  if (TREE_CODE (t2) == AMBIG_CONV)
    return 0;

      if (USER_CONV_FN (t1) != USER_CONV_FN (t2))
  return 0;

      /* We can just fall through here, after setting up
   FROM_TYPE1 and FROM_TYPE2.  */
      from_type1 = TREE_TYPE (t1);
      from_type2 = TREE_TYPE (t2);
    }
  else
    {
      /* We're dealing with two standard conversion sequences. 

   [over.ics.rank]
   
   Standard conversion sequence S1 is a better conversion
   sequence than standard conversion sequence S2 if
     
   --S1 is a proper subsequence of S2 (comparing the conversion
     sequences in the canonical form defined by _over.ics.scs_,
     excluding any Lvalue Transformation; the identity
     conversion sequence is considered to be a subsequence of
     any non-identity conversion sequence */
      
      from_type1 = ics1;
      while (TREE_CODE (from_type1) != IDENTITY_CONV)
  from_type1 = TREE_OPERAND (from_type1, 0);
      from_type1 = TREE_TYPE (from_type1);
      
      from_type2 = ics2;
      while (TREE_CODE (from_type2) != IDENTITY_CONV)
  from_type2 = TREE_OPERAND (from_type2, 0);
      from_type2 = TREE_TYPE (from_type2);
    }

  if (same_type_p (from_type1, from_type2))
    {
      if (is_subseq (ics1, ics2))
  return 1;
      if (is_subseq (ics2, ics1))
  return -1;
    }
  /* Otherwise, one sequence cannot be a subsequence of the other; they
     don't start with the same type.  This can happen when comparing the
     second standard conversion sequence in two user-defined conversion
     sequences.  */

  /* [over.ics.rank]

     Or, if not that,

     --the rank of S1 is better than the rank of S2 (by the rules
       defined below):

    Standard conversion sequences are ordered by their ranks: an Exact
    Match is a better conversion than a Promotion, which is a better
    conversion than a Conversion.

    Two conversion sequences with the same rank are indistinguishable
    unless one of the following rules applies:

    --A conversion that is not a conversion of a pointer, or pointer
      to member, to bool is better than another conversion that is such
      a conversion.  

    The ICS_STD_RANK automatically handles the pointer-to-bool rule,
    so that we do not have to check it explicitly.  */
  if (ICS_STD_RANK (ics1) < ICS_STD_RANK (ics2))
    return 1;
  else if (ICS_STD_RANK (ics2) < ICS_STD_RANK (ics1))
    return -1;

  to_type1 = TREE_TYPE (ics1);
  to_type2 = TREE_TYPE (ics2);

  if (TYPE_PTR_P (from_type1)
      && TYPE_PTR_P (from_type2)
      && TYPE_PTR_P (to_type1)
      && TYPE_PTR_P (to_type2))
    {
      deref_from_type1 = TREE_TYPE (from_type1);
      deref_from_type2 = TREE_TYPE (from_type2);
      deref_to_type1 = TREE_TYPE (to_type1);
      deref_to_type2 = TREE_TYPE (to_type2);
    }
  /* The rules for pointers to members A::* are just like the rules
     for pointers A*, except opposite: if B is derived from A then
     A::* converts to B::*, not vice versa.  For that reason, we
     switch the from_ and to_ variables here.  */
  else if (TYPE_PTRMEM_P (from_type1)
     && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (from_type2)
     && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (to_type1)
     && TYPE_PTRMEM_P (to_type2))
    {
      deref_to_type1 = TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (from_type1));
      deref_to_type2 = TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (from_type2));
      deref_from_type1 = TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (to_type1));
      deref_from_type2 = TYPE_OFFSET_BASETYPE (TREE_TYPE (to_type2));
    }
  else if (TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (from_type1)
     && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (from_type2)
     && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (to_type1)
     && TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_P (to_type2))
    {
      deref_to_type1 = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_OBJECT_TYPE (from_type1);
      deref_to_type2 = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_OBJECT_TYPE (from_type2);
      deref_from_type1 = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_OBJECT_TYPE (to_type1);
      deref_from_type2 = TYPE_PTRMEMFUNC_OBJECT_TYPE (to_type2);
    }

  if (deref_from_type1 != NULL_TREE
      && IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (deref_from_type1))
      && IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (deref_from_type2)))
    {
      /* This was one of the pointer or pointer-like conversions.  

   [over.ics.rank]
   
   --If class B is derived directly or indirectly from class A,
     conversion of B* to A* is better than conversion of B* to
     void*, and conversion of A* to void* is better than
     conversion of B* to void*.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (deref_to_type1) == VOID_TYPE
    && TREE_CODE (deref_to_type2) == VOID_TYPE)
  {
    if (is_properly_derived_from (deref_from_type1,
          deref_from_type2))
      return -1;
    else if (is_properly_derived_from (deref_from_type2,
               deref_from_type1))
      return 1;
  }
      else if (TREE_CODE (deref_to_type1) == VOID_TYPE
         || TREE_CODE (deref_to_type2) == VOID_TYPE)
  {
    if (same_type_p (deref_from_type1, deref_from_type2))
      {
        if (TREE_CODE (deref_to_type2) == VOID_TYPE)
    {
      if (is_properly_derived_from (deref_from_type1,
            deref_to_type1))
        return 1;
    }
        /* We know that DEREF_TO_TYPE1 is `void' here.  */
        else if (is_properly_derived_from (deref_from_type1,
             deref_to_type2))
    return -1;
      }
  }
      else if (IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (deref_to_type1))
         && IS_AGGR_TYPE_CODE (TREE_CODE (deref_to_type2)))
  {
    /* [over.ics.rank]

       --If class B is derived directly or indirectly from class A
         and class C is derived directly or indirectly from B,
       
       --conversion of C* to B* is better than conversion of C* to
         A*, 
       
       --conversion of B* to A* is better than conversion of C* to
         A*  */
    if (same_type_p (deref_from_type1, deref_from_type2))
      {
        if (is_properly_derived_from (deref_to_type1,
              deref_to_type2))
    return 1;
        else if (is_properly_derived_from (deref_to_type2,
             deref_to_type1))
    return -1;
      }
    else if (same_type_p (deref_to_type1, deref_to_type2))
      {
        if (is_properly_derived_from (deref_from_type2,
              deref_from_type1))
    return 1;
        else if (is_properly_derived_from (deref_from_type1,
             deref_from_type2))
    return -1;
      }
  }
    }
  else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (non_reference (from_type1))
     && same_type_p (from_type1, from_type2))
    {
      tree from = non_reference (from_type1);

      /* [over.ics.rank]
   
   --binding of an expression of type C to a reference of type
     B& is better than binding an expression of type C to a
     reference of type A&

   --conversion of C to B is better than conversion of C to A,  */
      if (is_properly_derived_from (from, to_type1)
    && is_properly_derived_from (from, to_type2))
  {
    if (is_properly_derived_from (to_type1, to_type2))
      return 1;
    else if (is_properly_derived_from (to_type2, to_type1))
      return -1;
  }
    }
  else if (CLASS_TYPE_P (non_reference (to_type1))
     && same_type_p (to_type1, to_type2))
    {
      tree to = non_reference (to_type1);

      /* [over.ics.rank]

   --binding of an expression of type B to a reference of type
     A& is better than binding an expression of type C to a
     reference of type A&, 

   --onversion of B to A is better than conversion of C to A  */
      if (is_properly_derived_from (from_type1, to)
    && is_properly_derived_from (from_type2, to))
  {
    if (is_properly_derived_from (from_type2, from_type1))
      return 1;
    else if (is_properly_derived_from (from_type1, from_type2))
      return -1;
  }
    }

  /* [over.ics.rank]

     --S1 and S2 differ only in their qualification conversion and  yield
       similar  types  T1 and T2 (_conv.qual_), respectively, and the cv-
       qualification signature of type T1 is a proper subset of  the  cv-
       qualification signature of type T2  */
  if (TREE_CODE (ics1) == QUAL_CONV 
      && TREE_CODE (ics2) == QUAL_CONV
      && same_type_p (from_type1, from_type2))
    return comp_cv_qual_signature (to_type1, to_type2);

  /* [over.ics.rank]
     
     --S1 and S2 are reference bindings (_dcl.init.ref_), and the
     types to which the references refer are the same type except for
     top-level cv-qualifiers, and the type to which the reference
     initialized by S2 refers is more cv-qualified than the type to
     which the reference initialized by S1 refers */
      
  if (target_type1 && target_type2
      && same_type_ignoring_top_level_qualifiers_p (to_type1, to_type2))
    return comp_cv_qualification (target_type2, target_type1);

  /* Neither conversion sequence is better than the other.  */
  return 0;
}

/* The source type for this standard conversion sequence.  */

static tree
source_type (t)
     tree t;
{
  for (;; t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))
    {
      if (TREE_CODE (t) == USER_CONV
    || TREE_CODE (t) == AMBIG_CONV
    || TREE_CODE (t) == IDENTITY_CONV)
  return TREE_TYPE (t);
    }
  abort ();
}

/* Note a warning about preferring WINNER to LOSER.  We do this by storing
   a pointer to LOSER and re-running joust to produce the warning if WINNER
   is actually used.  */

static void
add_warning (winner, loser)
     struct z_candidate *winner, *loser;
{
  winner->warnings = tree_cons (NULL_TREE,
        build_zc_wrapper (loser),
        winner->warnings);
}

/* Compare two candidates for overloading as described in
   [over.match.best].  Return values:

      1: cand1 is better than cand2
     -1: cand2 is better than cand1
      0: cand1 and cand2 are indistinguishable */

static int
joust (cand1, cand2, warn)
     struct z_candidate *cand1, *cand2;
     int warn;
{
  int winner = 0;
  int i, off1 = 0, off2 = 0, len;

  /* Candidates that involve bad conversions are always worse than those
     that don't.  */
  if (cand1->viable > cand2->viable)
    return 1;
  if (cand1->viable < cand2->viable)
    return -1;

  /* If we have two pseudo-candidates for conversions to the same type,
     or two candidates for the same function, arbitrarily pick one.  */
  if (cand1->fn == cand2->fn
      && (TYPE_P (cand1->fn) || DECL_P (cand1->fn)))
    return 1;

  /* a viable function F1
     is defined to be a better function than another viable function F2  if
     for  all arguments i, ICSi(F1) is not a worse conversion sequence than
     ICSi(F2), and then */

  /* for some argument j, ICSj(F1) is a better conversion  sequence  than
     ICSj(F2) */

  /* For comparing static and non-static member functions, we ignore
     the implicit object parameter of the non-static function.  The
     standard says to pretend that the static function has an object
     parm, but that won't work with operator overloading.  */
  len = TREE_VEC_LENGTH (cand1->convs);
  if (len != TREE_VEC_LENGTH (cand2->convs))
    {
      if (DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (cand1->fn)
    && ! DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (cand2->fn))
  off2 = 1;
      else if (! DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (cand1->fn)
         && DECL_STATIC_FUNCTION_P (cand2->fn))
  {
    off1 = 1;
    --len;
  }
      else
  abort ();
    }

  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
      tree t1 = TREE_VEC_ELT (cand1->convs, i+off1);
      tree t2 = TREE_VEC_ELT (cand2->convs, i+off2);
      int comp = compare_ics (t1, t2);

      if (comp != 0)
  {
    if (warn_sign_promo
        && ICS_RANK (t1) + ICS_RANK (t2) == STD_RANK + PROMO_RANK
        && TREE_CODE (t1) == STD_CONV
        && TREE_CODE (t2) == STD_CONV
        && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t1)) == INTEGER_TYPE
        && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t2)) == INTEGER_TYPE
        && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (t1))
      == TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (t2)))
        && (TREE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (t1, 0)))
      || (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (t1, 0)))
          == ENUMERAL_TYPE)))
      {
        tree type = TREE_TYPE (TREE_OPERAND (t1, 0));
        tree type1, type2;
        struct z_candidate *w, *l;
        if (comp > 0)
    type1 = TREE_TYPE (t1), type2 = TREE_TYPE (t2),
      w = cand1, l = cand2;
        else
    type1 = TREE_TYPE (t2), type2 = TREE_TYPE (t1),
      w = cand2, l = cand1;

        if (warn)
    {
      warning ("passing `%T' chooses `%T' over `%T'",
            type, type1, type2);
      warning ("  in call to `%D'", w->fn);
    }
        else
    add_warning (w, l);
      }

    if (winner && comp != winner)
      {
        winner = 0;
        goto tweak;
      }
    winner = comp;
  }
    }

  /* warn about confusing overload resolution for user-defined conversions,
     either between a constructor and a conversion op, or between two
     conversion ops.  */
  if (winner && cand1->second_conv
      && ((DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (cand1->fn)
     != DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (cand2->fn))
    /* Don't warn if the two conv ops convert to the same type...  */
    || (! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (cand1->fn)
        && ! same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (cand1->fn)),
        TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (cand2->fn))))))
    {
      int comp = compare_ics (cand1->second_conv, cand2->second_conv);
      if (comp != winner)
  {
    struct z_candidate *w, *l;
    tree convn;
    if (winner == 1)
      w = cand1, l = cand2;
    else
      w = cand2, l = cand1;
    if (DECL_CONTEXT (cand1->fn) == DECL_CONTEXT (cand2->fn)
        && ! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (cand1->fn)
        && ! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (cand2->fn)
        && (convn = standard_conversion
      (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (l->fn)),
       TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (w->fn)), NULL_TREE))
        && TREE_CODE (convn) == QUAL_CONV)
      /* Don't complain about `operator char *()' beating
         `operator const char *() const'.  */;
    else if (warn && warn_conversion)
      {
        tree source = source_type (TREE_VEC_ELT (w->convs, 0));
        if (! DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (w->fn))
    source = TREE_TYPE (source);
        warning ("choosing `%D' over `%D'", w->fn, l->fn);
        warning ("  for conversion from `%T' to `%T'",
        source, TREE_TYPE (w->second_conv));
        warning ("  because conversion sequence for the argument is better");
      }
    else
      add_warning (w, l);
  }
    }

  if (winner)
    return winner;

  /* or, if not that,
     F1 is a non-template function and F2 is a template function
     specialization.  */
         
  if (! cand1->template && cand2->template)
    return 1;
  else if (cand1->template && ! cand2->template)
    return -1;
  
  /* or, if not that,
     F1 and F2 are template functions and the function template for F1 is
     more specialized than the template for F2 according to the partial
     ordering rules.  */
  
  if (cand1->template && cand2->template)
    {
      winner = more_specialized
        (TI_TEMPLATE (cand1->template), TI_TEMPLATE (cand2->template),
         DEDUCE_ORDER,
         /* Tell the deduction code how many real function arguments
      we saw, not counting the implicit 'this' argument.  But,
      add_function_candidate() suppresses the "this" argument
      for constructors.

      [temp.func.order]: The presence of unused ellipsis and default
      arguments has no effect on the partial ordering of function
      templates.  */
         TREE_VEC_LENGTH (cand1->convs)
   - (DECL_NONSTATIC_MEMBER_FUNCTION_P (cand1->fn)
      - DECL_CONSTRUCTOR_P (cand1->fn)));
      /* HERE */
      if (winner)
        return winner;
    }

  /* or, if not that,
     the  context  is  an  initialization by user-defined conversion (see
     _dcl.init_  and  _over.match.user_)  and  the  standard   conversion
     sequence  from  the return type of F1 to the destination type (i.e.,
     the type of the entity being initialized)  is  a  better  conversion
     sequence  than the standard conversion sequence from the return type
     of F2 to the destination type.  */

  if (cand1->second_conv)
    {
      winner = compare_ics (cand1->second_conv, cand2->second_conv);
      if (winner)
        return winner;
    }
  
  /* Check whether we can discard a builtin candidate, either because we
     have two identical ones or matching builtin and non-builtin candidates.

     (Pedantically in the latter case the builtin which matched the user
     function should not be added to the overload set, but we spot it here.
     
     [over.match.oper]
     ... the builtin candidates include ...
     - do not have the same parameter type list as any non-template
       non-member candidate.  */
                            
  if (TREE_CODE (cand1->fn) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
      || TREE_CODE (cand2->fn) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
    {
      for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
  if (!same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (cand1->convs, i)),
        TREE_TYPE (TREE_VEC_ELT (cand2->convs, i))))
    break;
      if (i == TREE_VEC_LENGTH (cand1->convs))
  {
    if (cand1->fn == cand2->fn)
      /* Two built-in candidates; arbitrarily pick one.  */
      return 1;
    else if (TREE_CODE (cand1->fn) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
      /* cand1 is built-in; prefer cand2.  */
      return -1;
    else
      /* cand2 is built-in; prefer cand1.  */
      return 1;
  }
    }

  /* If the two functions are the same (this can happen with declarations
     in multiple scopes and arg-dependent lookup), arbitrarily choose one.  */
  if (DECL_P (cand1->fn) && DECL_P (cand2->fn)
      && equal_functions (cand1->fn, cand2->fn))
    return 1;

tweak:

  /* Extension: If the worst conversion for one candidate is worse than the
     worst conversion for the other, take the first.  */
  if (!pedantic)
    {
      int rank1 = IDENTITY_RANK, rank2 = IDENTITY_RANK;
      struct z_candidate *w = 0, *l = 0;

      for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
  {
    if (ICS_RANK (TREE_VEC_ELT (cand1->convs, i+off1)) > rank1)
      rank1 = ICS_RANK (TREE_VEC_ELT (cand1->convs, i+off1));
    if (ICS_RANK (TREE_VEC_ELT (cand2->convs, i+off2)) > rank2)
      rank2 = ICS_RANK (TREE_VEC_ELT (cand2->convs, i+off2));
  }
      if (rank1 < rank2)
  winner = 1, w = cand1, l = cand2;
      if (rank1 > rank2)
  winner = -1, w = cand2, l = cand1;
      if (winner)
        {
    if (warn)
      pedwarn ("ISO C++ says that `%D' and `%D' are ambiguous \
even though the worst conversion for the former is better than the worst \
conversion for the latter", w->fn, l->fn);
    else
      add_warning (w, l);
          return winner;
        }
    }

  my_friendly_assert (!winner, 20010121);
  return 0;
}

/* Given a list of candidates for overloading, find the best one, if any.
   This algorithm has a worst case of O(2n) (winner is last), and a best
   case of O(n/2) (totally ambiguous); much better than a sorting
   algorithm.  */

static struct z_candidate *
tourney (candidates)
     struct z_candidate *candidates;
{
  struct z_candidate *champ = candidates, *challenger;
  int fate;
  int champ_compared_to_predecessor = 0;

  /* Walk through the list once, comparing each current champ to the next
     candidate, knocking out a candidate or two with each comparison.  */

  for (challenger = champ->next; challenger; )
    {
      fate = joust (champ, challenger, 0);
      if (fate == 1)
  challenger = challenger->next;
      else
  {
    if (fate == 0)
      {
        champ = challenger->next;
        if (champ == 0)
    return 0;
        champ_compared_to_predecessor = 0;
      }
    else
      {
        champ = challenger;
        champ_compared_to_predecessor = 1;
      }

    challenger = champ->next;
  }
    }

  /* Make sure the champ is better than all the candidates it hasn't yet
     been compared to.  */

  for (challenger = candidates; 
       challenger != champ 
   && !(champ_compared_to_predecessor && challenger->next == champ);
       challenger = challenger->next)
    {
      fate = joust (champ, challenger, 0);
      if (fate != 1)
  return 0;
    }

  return champ;
}

/* Returns nonzero if things of type FROM can be converted to TO.  */

int
can_convert (to, from)
     tree to, from;
{
  return can_convert_arg (to, from, NULL_TREE);
}

/* Returns nonzero if ARG (of type FROM) can be converted to TO.  */

int
can_convert_arg (to, from, arg)
     tree to, from, arg;
{
  tree t = implicit_conversion (to, from, arg, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
  return (t && ! ICS_BAD_FLAG (t));
}

/* Like can_convert_arg, but allows dubious conversions as well.  */

int
can_convert_arg_bad (to, from, arg)
     tree to, from, arg;
{
  tree t = implicit_conversion (to, from, arg, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
  return !!t;
}

/* Convert EXPR to TYPE.  Return the converted expression.

   Note that we allow bad conversions here because by the time we get to
   this point we are committed to doing the conversion.  If we end up
   doing a bad conversion, convert_like will complain.  */

tree
perform_implicit_conversion (type, expr)
     tree type;
     tree expr;
{
  tree conv;
  
  if (expr == error_mark_node)
    return error_mark_node;
  conv = implicit_conversion (type, TREE_TYPE (expr), expr,
            LOOKUP_NORMAL);
  if (!conv)
    {
      error ("could not convert `%E' to `%T'", expr, type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  return convert_like (conv, expr);
}

/* Convert EXPR to TYPE (as a direct-initialization) if that is
   permitted.  If the conversion is valid, the converted expression is
   returned.  Otherwise, NULL_TREE is returned, except in the case
   that TYPE is a class type; in that case, an error is issued.  */

tree
perform_direct_initialization_if_possible (tree type, tree expr)
{
  tree conv;
  
  if (type == error_mark_node || error_operand_p (expr))
    return error_mark_node;
  /* [dcl.init]

     If the destination type is a (possibly cv-qualified) class type:

     -- If the initialization is direct-initialization ...,
     constructors are considered. ... If no constructor applies, or
     the overload resolution is ambiguous, the initialization is
     ill-formed.  */
  if (CLASS_TYPE_P (type))
    {
      expr = build_special_member_call (NULL_TREE, complete_ctor_identifier,
          build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, expr),
          TYPE_BINFO (type),
          LOOKUP_NORMAL);
      return build_cplus_new (type, expr);
    }
  conv = implicit_conversion (type, TREE_TYPE (expr), expr,
            LOOKUP_NORMAL);
  if (!conv || ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv))
    return NULL_TREE;
  return convert_like_real (conv, expr, NULL_TREE, 0, 0, 
          /*issue_conversion_warnings=*/false);
}

/* DECL is a VAR_DECL whose type is a REFERENCE_TYPE.  The reference
   is being bound to a temporary.  Create and return a new VAR_DECL
   with the indicated TYPE; this variable will store the value to
   which the reference is bound.  */

tree 
make_temporary_var_for_ref_to_temp (tree decl, tree type)
{
  tree var;

  /* Create the variable.  */
  var = build_decl (VAR_DECL, NULL_TREE, type);
  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (var) = 1;
  TREE_USED (var) = 1;

  /* Register the variable.  */
  if (TREE_STATIC (decl))
    {
      /* Namespace-scope or local static; give it a mangled name.  */
      tree name;

      TREE_STATIC (var) = 1;
      name = mangle_ref_init_variable (decl);
      DECL_NAME (var) = name;
      SET_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (var, name);
      var = pushdecl_top_level (var);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Create a new cleanup level if necessary.  */
      maybe_push_cleanup_level (type);
      /* Don't push unnamed temps.  Do set DECL_CONTEXT, though.  */
      DECL_CONTEXT (var) = current_function_decl;
    }

  return var;
}

  /* Convert EXPR to the indicated reference TYPE, in a way suitable
     for initializing a variable of that TYPE.  If DECL is non-NULL,
     it is the VAR_DECL being initialized with the EXPR.  (In that
     case, the type of DECL will be TYPE.)  If DECL is non-NULL, then
     CLEANUP must also be non-NULL, and with *CLEANUP initialized to
     NULL.  Upon return, if *CLEANUP is no longer NULL, it will be a
     CLEANUP_STMT that should be inserted after the returned
     expression is used to initialize DECL.

     Return the converted expression.  */

tree
initialize_reference (type, expr, decl, cleanup)
     tree type;
     tree expr;
     tree decl;
     tree *cleanup;
{
  tree conv;

  if (type == error_mark_node || error_operand_p (expr))
    return error_mark_node;

  conv = reference_binding (type, TREE_TYPE (expr), expr, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
  if (!conv || ICS_BAD_FLAG (conv))
    {
      if (!(TYPE_QUALS (TREE_TYPE (type)) & TYPE_QUAL_CONST)
          && !real_lvalue_p (expr))
        error ("invalid initialization of non-const reference of "
               "type '%T' from a temporary of type '%T'",
               type, TREE_TYPE (expr));
      else
        error ("could not convert `%E' to `%T'", expr, type);
      return error_mark_node;
    }

  /* If DECL is non-NULL, then this special rule applies:

       [class.temporary]

       The temporary to which the reference is bound or the temporary
       that is the complete object to which the reference is bound
       persists for the lifetime of the reference.

       The temporaries created during the evaluation of the expression
       initializing the reference, except the temporary to which the
       reference is bound, are destroyed at the end of the
       full-expression in which they are created.

     In that case, we store the converted expression into a new
     VAR_DECL in a new scope.  

     However, we want to be careful not to create temporaries when
     they are not required.  For example, given:

       struct B {}; 
       struct D : public B {};
       D f();
       const B& b = f();

     there is no need to copy the return value from "f"; we can just
     extend its lifetime.  Similarly, given:

       struct S {};
       struct T { operator S(); };
       T t;
       const S& s = t;

    we can extend the lifetime of the return value of the conversion
    operator.  */
  my_friendly_assert (TREE_CODE (conv) == REF_BIND, 20030302);
  if (decl)
    {
      tree var;
      tree base_conv_type;

      /* Skip over the REF_BIND.  */
      conv = TREE_OPERAND (conv, 0);
      /* If the next conversion is a BASE_CONV, skip that too -- but
   remember that the conversion was required.  */
      if (TREE_CODE (conv) == BASE_CONV && !NEED_TEMPORARY_P (conv))
  {
    base_conv_type = TREE_TYPE (conv);
    conv = TREE_OPERAND (conv, 0);
  }
      else
  base_conv_type = NULL_TREE;
      /* Perform the remainder of the conversion.  */
      expr = convert_like (conv, expr);
      if (!real_non_cast_lvalue_p (expr))
  {
    tree init;
    tree type;

    /* Create the temporary variable.  */
    type = TREE_TYPE (expr);
    var = make_temporary_var_for_ref_to_temp (decl, type);
    layout_decl (var, 0);
    /* Create the INIT_EXPR that will initialize the temporary
       variable.  */
    init = build (INIT_EXPR, type, var, expr);
    if (at_function_scope_p ())
      {
        add_decl_stmt (var);
        *cleanup = cxx_maybe_build_cleanup (var);
        if (*cleanup)
    /* We must be careful to destroy the temporary only
       after its initialization has taken place.  If the
       initialization throws an exception, then the
       destructor should not be run.  We cannot simply
       transform INIT into something like:
       
         (INIT, ({ CLEANUP_STMT; }))

       because emit_local_var always treats the
       initializer as a full-expression.  Thus, the
       destructor would run too early; it would run at the
       end of initializing the reference variable, rather
       than at the end of the block enclosing the
       reference variable.

       The solution is to pass back a CLEANUP_STMT which
       the caller is responsible for attaching to the
       statement tree.  */
    *cleanup = build_stmt (CLEANUP_STMT, var, *cleanup);
      }
    else
      {
        rest_of_decl_compilation (var, NULL, /*toplev=*/1, at_eof);
        if (TYPE_HAS_NONTRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR (type))
    static_aggregates = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, var,
                 static_aggregates);
      }
    /* Use its address to initialize the reference variable.  */
    expr = build_address (var);
    expr = build (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (expr), init, expr);
  }
      else
  /* Take the address of EXPR.  */
  expr = build_unary_op (ADDR_EXPR, expr, 0);
      /* If a BASE_CONV was required, perform it now.  */
      if (base_conv_type)
  expr = (perform_implicit_conversion 
    (build_pointer_type (base_conv_type), expr));
      return build_nop (type, expr);
    }

  /* Perform the conversion.  */
  return convert_like (conv, expr);
}

#include "gt-cp-call.h"

---